Nw.cab.zju.edu.cn/cab/ xueyuanxiashubumen/nx/ bioinplant.htm《生物信息学札记》樊龙江 Dot matrix(点标矩阵图) Dot matrix diagrams provide a graphical method for comparing two sequences One sequence is written horizontally across the top of the graph and the other along the left-hand side Dots are placed within the graph at the intersection of the same letter appearing in both sequences. a series of diagonal lines in the graph indicate regions of alignment. The matrix may be filtered to reveal the most-alike regions by scoring a minimal threshold number of matches within a sequence window Draft genome sequence(基因组序列草图 The sequence produced by combining the information from the individual sequenced clones(by creating merged sequence contigs and then employing linking information to create scaffolds) and positioning the sequence along the physical map of the chromosomes DUsT(一种低复杂性区段过濾程序) A program for filtering low complexity regions from nucleic acid sequences Dynamic programming(动态规划法 a dynamic programming algorithm solves a problem by combining solutions to sub-problems that are computed once and saved in a table or matrix Dynamic programming is typically used when a problem has many possible solutions and an optimal one needs to be found. This algorithm is used for producing sequence alignments, given a scoring system for sequence companIsons EMBL(欧洲分子生物学实验室,EMBL数据库是主要公共核酸序列数据库之 European Molecular Biology Laboratories. Maintain the EMBL database, one of the major public sequence databases EMBnet(歐洲分子生物学网络) EuropeanMolecularBiologyNetworkhttp://www.embnet.orgwasestablished in 1988, and provides services including local molecular databases and software for molecular biologists in Europe. There are several large outposts of EMBnet, including EXPASY Entropy(熵) From information theory, a measure of the unpredictable nature of a set of possible elements. The higher the level of variation within the set, the higher the entropy Erdos and renyi law In a toss of a fair coin, the number of heads in a row that can be expected is the logarithm of the number of tosses to the base 2. The law may be generalized for more than two possible outcomes by changing the base of the logarithm to the number of out-comes. This law was used to analyze the number of matches and mismatches that can be expected between random sequences as a basis for scoring the statistical significance of a sequence alignment EST(表达序列标签的缩写)www.cab.zju.edu.cn/cab/xueyuanxiashubumen/nx/bioinplant.htm 《生物信息学札记》 樊龙江 Dot matrix（点标矩阵图） Dot matrix diagrams provide a graphical method for comparing two sequences. One sequence is written horizontally across the top of the graph and the other along the left-hand side. Dots are placed within the graph at the intersection of the same letter appearing in both sequences. A series of diagonal lines in the graph indicate regions of alignment. The matrix may be filtered to reveal the most-alike regions by scoring a minimal threshold number of matches within a sequence window. Draft genome sequence （基因组序列草图） The sequence produced by combining the information from the individual sequenced clones (by creating merged sequence contigs and then employing linking information to create scaffolds) and positioning the sequence along the physical map of the chromosomes. DUST （一种低复杂性区段过滤程序） A program for filtering low complexity regions from nucleic acid sequences. Dynamic programming（动态规划法） A dynamic programming algorithm solves a problem by combining solutions to sub-problems that are computed once and saved in a table or matrix. Dynamic programming is typically used when a problem has many possible solutions and an optimal one needs to be found. This algorithm is used for producing sequence alignments, given a scoring system for sequence comparisons. EMBL （欧洲分子生物学实验室，EMBL 数据库是主要公共核酸序列数据库之 一） European Molecular Biology Laboratories. Maintain the EMBL database, one of the major public sequence databases. EMBnet （欧洲分子生物学网络） European Molecular Biology Network: http://www.embnet.org/ was established in 1988, and provides services including local molecular databases and software for molecular biologists in Europe. There are several large outposts of EMBnet, including EXPASY. Entropy（熵） From information theory, a measure of the unpredictable nature of a set of possible elements. The higher the level of variation within the set, the higher the entropy. Erdos and Renyi law In a toss of a “fair” coin, the number of heads in a row that can be expected is the logarithm of the number of tosses to the base 2. The law may be generalized for more than two possible outcomes by changing the base of the logarithm to the number of out-comes. This law was used to analyze the number of matches and mismatches that can be expected between random sequences as a basis for scoring the statistical significance of a sequence alignment. EST （表达序列标签的缩写） 131