Impurity spin-based Quantum computer External field P doped in silicon Endohedral N@cso INVI center in diamond 6● 31 ⊙ S=12 S=32 S=1 ■■口■■■Impurity spin-based Quantum computer [NV]− center in diamond S = 1 Endohedral N@C60 S = 3/2 N P doped in silicon S = 1/2 …… 0 1 External field