Sun et al Epidemiology. Volume 17, Number 3, May 2006 TABLE 2. Incidence Rate Ratios of Epilepsy According to Apgar Scores at 1 and 5 Minutes After Birth, Denmark, 1978-2002 I-Min Apgar Scores Min Apgar Scores Apgar Scores No, of Cases IRR(95% CI) No of cases IRR(95% CD 14,2 987 1.04(1.00-1.09) 1.45(1.35-1.56 1193 1.30(1.22-1.38) 1.89(1.72-2.07 143(1.32-1.55) 221 213 244(2.13-2.78) 1.81(1.69-1.95) 4.22(3.78-4.72) 14(5.798.81) 241(1.97-2.95) 219 208(1.61-2.70) 148(1.26-1.73) 0 1.58(139-1.78) scores were accessible from I January 1978 to 31 December 1996. ar year, age, and sex. APgar scores were registered as zero, including children who were transferred to intensive care immediately after birth. IR indicates incidence rate per 100, 000 person-years: IRR, incidence rate ratio. nce Rate Ratios*(95% CI)of Epilepsy According to Combinations of Apgar Scores at 1 and 5 Min, Denmark, 5-Min Apgar Scores 1-Min Apgar Scores 1-3 4-6 7 0.81(0.37-1.81)1.00 1.52(0.84-2.75)1.20(1.02-141)1.03(0.98-1.08) 1.52(1.15-2.01)1.56(1.36-1.80)1.23(1.15-1.32) 286(1.98-4.15)1.61(1.29201)1.69(1.45-1.96)1.24(1.12-1.38) 401(3.29-4.88)224(1.85-2.72)207(180-2.39)1.70(1.45-1.99)1.31(1.15-1.48) 1-3 803(6.19-10.42)464(3.94-5.4 2.24(1.63-3.08)3.20(2.44-4.19)1.60(1.05-243)165(1.18-232) Reference category. ApRar a (not applicable)indicates the number of person-years at risk was less than 5000, corresponding to fewer than 5 expected cases based on a hypothesis of no association between TABLE 4. Association of 5-Min Apgar Scores With Epilepsy for Babies Born Preterm and Term, Denmark, 1978-2002 Preterm Infants(<37 wk) Term Infants (37-41 wk) 5-Min Apgar Scores No of Cases IRR*(95% Ci) No. of Cases IrR*(95% Ci) 11,416 1.42(1.21-1.67 1.34(1.23-1.46) 1.71(1.41-2.08) 66(1.47-1.88) 1.80(1.38-2.34) 2.37(2.00-281) 75 2.52(1.99-3.18) 441(3.83-5.07) 757 8.68(6.73-11.18) Adjusted for calendar year, age, and sex. Reference category. The association between 5-minute Apgar scores and From 1995 to 2002, 9500 people were diagnosed with epilepsy did not change after excluding infants with cerebral epilepsy, including 1466(15%)only in an inpatient setting, palsy (n= 600), with confirmed or suspected congenital 3443(36%)only in an outpatient setting, and 4591(48%)in malformations(n =812), with parental history of epilepsy both settings. The incidence rates of epilepsy increased when (n= 629), or with any of the 3 ions(Table 5) outpatients were included, especially for children with an 298 c 2006 Lippincott Williams c wilkins 第59页 Copyright c Lippincott Williams& Wilkins. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibitedThe association between 5-minute Apgar scores and epilepsy did not change after excluding infants with cerebral palsy (n
600), with confirmed or suspected congenital malformations (n
812), with parental history of epilepsy (n
629), or with any of the 3 conditions (Table 5). From 1995 to 2002, 9500 people were diagnosed with epilepsy, including 1466 (15%) only in an inpatient setting, 3443 (36%) only in an outpatient setting, and 4591 (48%) in both settings. The incidence rates of epilepsy increased when outpatients were included, especially for children with an TABLE 2. Incidence Rate Ratios of Epilepsy According to Apgar Scores at 1 and 5 Minutes After Birth, Denmark, 1978 –2002 Apgar Scores 1-Min Apgar Scores* 5-Min Apgar Scores No. of Cases IR IRR† (95% CI) No. of Cases IR IRR† (95% CI) 10‡ 8998 80 1.00 14,281 86 1.00 9 2606 86 1.04 (1.00–1.09) 791 129 1.45 (1.35–1.56) 8 1193 106 1.30 (1.22–1.38) 441 166 1.89 (1.72–2.07) 7 654 118 1.43 (1.32–1.55) 221 213 2.44 (2.13–2.78) 4–6 819 149 1.81 (1.69–1.95) 319 369 4.22 (3.78–4.72) 1–3 380 286 3.43 (3.10–3.80) 88 628 7.14 (5.79–8.81) 0§ 97 234 2.41 (1.97–2.95) 58 219 2.08 (1.61–2.70) Missing
153 108 1.48 (1.26–1.73) 256 130 1.58 (1.39–1.78) *One-minute Apgar scores were accessible from 1 January 1978 to 31 December 1996. † Adjusted for calendar year, age, and sex. ‡ Reference category. § Apgar scores were registered as zero, including children who were transferred to intensive care immediately after birth.
Apgar scores were missing for unknown reasons. IR indicates incidence rate per 100, 000 person-years; IRR, incidence rate ratio. TABLE 3. Incidence Rate Ratios* (95% CI) of Epilepsy According to Combinations of Apgar Scores at 1 and 5 Min, Denmark, 1978 –1996† 1-Min Apgar Scores 5-Min Apgar Scores 1–3 4–6 7 8 9 10 10 NA NA NA NA 0.81 (0.37–1.81) 1.00‡ 9 NA NA NA 1.52 (0.84–2.75) 1.20 (1.02–1.41) 1.03 (0.98–1.08) 8 NA NA NA 1.52 (1.15–2.01) 1.56 (1.36–1.80) 1.23 (1.15–1.32) 7 NA NA 2.86 (1.98–4.15) 1.61 (1.29–2.01) 1.69 (1.45–1.96) 1.24 (1.12–1.38) 4–6 NA 4.01 (3.29–4.88) 2.24 (1.85–2.72) 2.07 (1.80–2.39) 1.70 (1.45–1.99) 1.31 (1.15–1.48) 1–3 8.03 (6.19–10.42) 4.64 (3.94–5.46) 2.24 (1.63–3.08) 3.20 (2.44–4.19) 1.60 (1.05–2.43) 1.65 (1.18–2.32) *Adjusted for calendar year, age and sex. † Data on Apgar scores at one minute were not recorded after 1996. ‡ Reference category. NA (not applicable) indicates the number of person-years at risk was less than 5000, corresponding to fewer than 5 expected cases based on a hypothesis of no association between Apgar score and the risk of epilepsy. TABLE 4. Association of 5-Min Apgar Scores With Epilepsy for Babies Born Preterm and Term, Denmark, 1978 –2002 5-Min Apgar Scores Preterm Infants (<37 wk) Term Infants (37–41 wk) No. of Cases IR IRR* (95% CI) No. of Cases IR IRR* (95% CI) 10† 909 147 1.00 11,416 85 1.00 9 176 207 1.42 (1.21–1.67) 518 117 1.34 (1.23–1.46) 8 118 247 1.71 (1.41–2.08) 257 144 1.66 (1.47–1.88) 7 59 254 1.80 (1.38–2.34) 133 204 2.37 (2.00–2.81) 4–6 75 356 2.52 (1.99–3.18) 197 381 4.41 (3.83–5.07) 1–3 17 423 2.98 (1.84–4.81) 60 757 8.68 (6.73–11.18) *Adjusted for calendar year, age, and sex. † Reference category. Sun et al Epidemiology • Volume 17, Number 3, May 2006 298 © 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 第 59 页