XIA and LANGDON: DEFORMATION OF AN ALUMINA COMPOSITE 1427 11. A. H. Chokshi and J. R. Porter, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 26. D. J. Reed and B. J. wuensch, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 63, 88(1980) 12. P. Lipetzky, S. R. Nutt and P. F. Becher, Mater. Res. 27. K P.R. Reddy and A. R. Cooper, J. Am. Ceram. Soc Soc. Symp. Proc. 120, 271(1988) 65,634(1982). 13. S. R. Nutt, P, Lipetzky and P. F Becher Mater. Sci. 28. Y Oishi, K. Ando and N. Suga, J, Am. Ceram Soc. 66, I4 Dominguez- Rodriguez ok.CF GoretCaumhe a.A 30. M. Chuang. ).oMmarter Sci 2l, 65 ( 1986)963) Routbort, J. Am. Ceram Soc. 73, 1297(1990) 31. T.J. Chuang and s. M. Wiederhorn, J. Am. Ceram 15. H.-T. Lin and P, F. Becher, J. Am. Ceram, Soc. 73, Soc.71,595(1988) 16. P. Lipetzky, S.R. Nutt, D. A. Koester and R. F. Davis, 17. H-T. Lin and P, F. Becher, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 74. APPENDIX 886(1991) 18.A Method of Using Equations(1)and(2) An iterative procedure was adopted in making use 19. G. W. Hollenberg, G. R. Terwilliger an J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 54, 196(1971) equations(D)and(2)to determine the values of the stress F. A. Mohamed and T. G. Langdon, Physica was assumed initially solidi(a)33,375(1976 used to calculate g and e D. H. Chung and G. Simmons, J, appl. Ph calculated values of strain rate and stress logarithmically to give a first order estimate for n. 22. T. G. Langdon, Cerar 1980) Second, this estimate of n was used to recalculate g and 23.R. M. Cannon and r Deformation of E from equations(I)and (2), and the logarithmic plotting of Ceramic Materials(edit strain rate vs stress was repeated to provide a second order Tressler), p. 61. Plenum Press, New York(1975) estimate for n 33, These various steps were subsequently repeated until there was no significant change in the va 25. Y. Oishi, K. Ando and Y, Kubota, J. Che. Phys. 73, values of n documented in this report represent these final 1410(1980XIA and LANGDON: DEFORMATION OF AN ALUMINA COMPOSITE 1427 11. A. H. Chokshi and J. R. Porter, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 68, C144 (1985). 12. P. Lipetzky, S. R. Nutt and P. F. Becher, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 120, 271 (1988). 13. S. R. Nutt, P. Lipetzky and P. F. Becher, Mater. Sci. Engng A126, 165 (1990). 14. A. R. de Arellano-L6pez, F. L. Cumbrera, A. Dominguez-Rodriguez, K. C. Goretta and J. L. Routbort, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 73, 1297 (1990). 15. H.-T. Lin and P. F. Becher, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 73, 1378 (1990). 16. P. Lipetzky, S. R. Nutt, D. A. Koester and R. F. Davis, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 74, 1240 (1991). 17. H.-T. Lin and P. F. Becher, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 74, 1886 (1991). 18. A. R. de Arellano-L6pez, A. Dominguez-Rodriguez, K. C. Goretta and J. L. Routbort, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 76, 1425 (1993). 19. G. W. Hollenberg, G. R. TerwiUiger and R. S. Gordon, J. Am, Ceram. Soc. 54, 196 (1971). 20. F. A. Mohamed and T. G. Langdon, Physica Status Solidi (a) 33, 375 (1976). 21. D. H. Chung and G. Simmons, 3. appl. Phys. 39, 5316 (1968). 22. T. G. Langdon, Ceram. Int. 6, 11 (1980). 23. R. M. Cannon and R. L. Coble, in Deformation of Ceramic Materials (edited by R. C. Bradt and R. E. Tressler), p. 61. Plenum Press, New York (1975). 24. Y. Oishi and W. D. Kingery, J. Chem. Phys. 33, 480 (1960). 25. Y. Oishi, K. Ando and Y. Kubota, J. Chem. Phys. 73, 1410 (1980). 26. D. J. Reed and B. J. Wuensch, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 63, 88 (1980). 27. K. P. R. Reddy and A. R. Cooper, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 65, 634(1982). 28. Y. Oishi, K. Ando and N. Suga, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 66, C130 (t983). 29. I. M. Lifshitz, Soviet Phys. JETP 17, 909 (1963). 30. T.-J. Chuang, J. Mater. Sci. 21, 165 (1986). 31. T.-J. Chuang and S. M. Wiederhorn, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 71, 595 (1988). APPENDIX Method of Using Equations (1) and (2) An iterative procedure was adopted in making use of equations (I) and (2) to determine the values of the stress exponent, n. First, a value of n was assumed initially and this value was used to calculate o and E using equations (1) and (2). The calculated values of strain rate and stress were then plotted logarithmically to give a first order estimate for n. Second, this estimate of n was used to recalculate a and E from equations (1) and (2), and the logarithmic plotting of strain rate vs stress was repeated to provide a second order estimate for n. These various steps were subsequently repeated until there was no significant change in the value estimated for n. The values of n documented in this report represent these final values