式中:拉普拉斯算符 直角坐标中 V 十 十 x=rsin 8 cos 球坐标中y= rsin sin p z=rcos 6 16,,0 16 6 十 arar r2 sin 8 a0 si6-)+ a8 rsin 8 ao 1 aa n (sin 6 E+ 0 r2sin8 a0a0 ap2h24rer式中：拉普拉斯算符 直角坐标中 22 22 22 2 x y z +  +   = + - x y zo r   2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 sin1 (sin ) sin1 ( ) 1        +   +    = r r r r r r 球坐标中     cos sin sin sin cos z r y r x r === 0 4 2 sin1 (sin ) sin1 ( ) 1 02 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2  =   + +  +   +               r e E m r r r r r r 