6 Fermentation and Biochemical Engineering Handbook Figure l is an example of chemostat equipment that we call a single-stage continuous culture. Typical homogeneous continuous culture systems are shown in Fig. 2 Table 4. Classification of continuous fermentation processes 1. without feedback control a. Turbidostat lIlm WIllI Vent Broth eservoir reservoir Broth (a)single-stage continuous culture b)Level controller system Figure 1. Chemostat System. V: Operation volume. F: Feed rate of medium.6 Fermentation and Biochemical Engineering Handbook Figure 1 is an example of chemostat equipment that we call a single-stage continuous culture. Typical homogeneous continuous culture systems are shown in Fig. 2. Table 4. Classification of continuous fermentation processes 1. Without feedback control a. Chemostat 2. With feedback control a. Turbidostat b. Nutristat c. Phauxostat i F Med i urn reservoir Air Motor 1 Broth re servo i r (a1Single-stage continuous culture system f (bltevel controller Figure 1. Chemostat System. V: Operation volume. F: Feedrate ofmedium. Sf: Concentration of limiting substrate