Monetary Measures of Gains-to Trade e How can such gains-to-trade be measured? e Three such measures are: ● Consumer' s Surplus ● Equivalent variation(等价变换),and Compensating Variation(补偿变换) Only in one special circumstance do these three measures coincide◆ How can such gains-to-trade be measured? ◆ Three such measures are: ⚫Consumer’s Surplus ⚫Equivalent Variation （等价变换）, and ⚫Compensating Variation （补偿变换）. ◆ Only in one special circumstance do these three measures coincide. Monetary Measures of Gains-to￾Trade