320 Food product development Creating a new and successful horticultural variety is a long search through genetic possibility, inheritance, disease resistance, keeping quality, followed by the trade-offs of one attribute with another; and so all of these aspects had to be gone through. This went on over many generations of seedlings which, after the final selection was narrowed right down, has then to grow to trees and bear and proliferate. So the exercise was very much one of seeking to establish just what it is that the target consumers ask from their ideal apple, and then trying to match this against what nature, aided by the skill of the plant breeder, will allow All this took 15 years or so, making it an especially long-term undertaking. It is also an expensive one in that beyond the visible costs is the inevitability that money risked and spent now can receive no return for all those years. As a project this injects its own special features, while at the same time all the standard routines are still just as necessary as in any other development of a new New Zealand for many years had a 'single desk exporter and marketer of bulk apples working cooperatively for all of the apple growers. The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd(Box 7. 1)carried out its variet development and licensed ENZA as a company to market its varieties Box 7.1 Horticulture and Food Research Institute (HortResearch) HortResearch is extensively involved in developing new plant varieties. We have expert breeding capability in a range of fruiting, ornamental, and agro. forestry crops. Our plant breeders work with industry in order to develop new varieties and rootstocks to provide cultural or market advantages for growers These activities are backed by extensive in-house scientific capability in sensory science, genetics and plant physiology to assist in making selections to suit the environments, end uses and tastes of different cultural groups both within New Zealand and around the world The fruit breeding programmes aim for variety, flavour, texture, storage life, appearance, productivity, pest and disease resistance and climatic adaptation HortResearch is a world leader in apple cultivar development. Examples of our success are the Pacific apple series (Pacific Rose, "Pacific Beauty,,and Pacific Queen)marketed by ENZAFRUIT This new variety development is also well supported by technical back up in orchard production, integrated pest management, postharvest handling and associated capabilities within Hort Research Source: Adapted from a publicity letter from Dr lan Warrington, CEO, HortResearchCreating a new and successful horticultural variety is a long search through genetic possibility, inheritance, disease resistance, keeping quality, followed by the trade-offs of one attribute with another; and so all of these aspects had to be gone through. This went on over many generations of seedlings which, after the final selection was narrowed right down, has then to grow to trees and bear and proliferate. So the exercise was very much one of seeking to establish just what it is that the target consumers ask from their ideal apple, and then trying to match this against what nature, aided by the skill of the plant breeder, will allow. All this took 15 years or so, making it an especially long-term undertaking. It is also an expensive one in that beyond the visible costs is the inevitability that money risked and spent now can receive no return for all those years. As a project this injects its own special features, while at the same time all the standard routines are still just as necessary as in any other development of a new product. New Zealand for many years had a ‘single desk’ exporter and marketer of bulk apples working cooperatively for all of the apple growers. The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd (Box 7.1) carried out its variety development and licensed ENZA as a company to market its varieties. Box 7.1 Horticulture and Food Research Institute (HortResearch) HortResearch is extensively involved in developing new plant varieties. We have expert breeding capability in a range of fruiting, ornamental, and agro￾forestry crops. Our plant breeders work with industry in order to develop new varieties and rootstocks to provide cultural or market advantages for growers. These activities are backed by extensive in-house scientific capability in sensory science, genetics and plant physiology to assist in making selections to suit the environments, end uses and tastes of different cultural groups both within New Zealand and around the world. The fruit breeding programmes aim for variety, flavour, texture, storage life, appearance, productivity, pest and disease resistance and climatic adaptation. HortResearch is a world leader in apple cultivar development. Examples of our success are the Pacific apple series (‘Pacific Rose’, ‘Pacific Beauty’, and ‘Pacific Queen’) marketed by ENZAFRUIT. This new variety development is also well supported by technical back up in orchard production, integrated pest management, postharvest handling and associated capabilities within HortResearch. Source: Adapted from a publicity letter from Dr Ian Warrington, CEO, HortResearch. 320 Food product development