X-ray *aka ESCA Gun XPS X-ray Photo-electron Spectroscopy* Electron Spectrum Aluminum X-rays IN Cu XPS X-rays E目ectrons OUT 2p3 Survey Spectrum (Photons) Inside Vacuum of Pure Copper Energy=1486 eV (cu) Cu 2p1 Cu Cu Auger electrons Cu Cu 3s 3p 0.6mm Binding Energy of Electrons(eV) 0.4mm Wy华exclte atoms. Electrons Jump out. Usual Analysis Area and Depth E 10 8 002p00