。1114 北京科技大学学报 2006年第12期 一菌种时，生物浸出的反应时间为5d,而使用混 合微生物可以提高浸出率，浸出时间缩短到3d, 3结论 最终还原率可达98%以上（图7）.自养型嗜酸硫 (1)从深海沉积物中分离的异养微生物，经 杆菌在无铁硫体系中不能发育，而上述四种微生 耐酸和耐金属驯化后，具备了与自养型嗜酸硫杆 物的混合菌种在此体系中相当稳定，经过多次的 菌共同培养的嗜酸性能和金属抗性； 菌种转接培养后，在生物浸出过程中菌种的性状 (2)异养微生物还原大洋多金属结核的过程 仍能保持一致. 中，厌氧浸出优于好氧浸出，pH控制在2.5~3为 100 宜.浸出时间为3d,浸出率达98%： P (3)异养微生物还原浸出大洋多金属矿，浸 70 出速率高，矿体无需通气，投资低，易于操作，环境 0 ◆K 友好.可在回收有价金属的同时进行固体废弃物 和有机废弃物综合治理. 30 K 。一混合 参考文献 10 6 I]Nealson K H.Little B.Microbial metal-ion reduction and 时间d mars extraterrestrial expectation.Curr Opinion Microbid. 2002(5):296 图7异养菌K,K,K及混合菌还原大洋多金属结核 [2 Lovky D R.Bioremediat ion of organic and metal contaminants Fig.7 Marine nodules reduced by heterotrophic microbes K, w ith dissimilatory metal reduction.J Ind Microbiol,1995. K,K;and their mixture 114:85 [3 Boon M.Heijen J J.Chemical oxidation kinetics of pyrite in 由于大洋多金属矿在此过程中作为电子受 bioleaching processes.Hydrometall urgy.1998.48:27 [4 Schrenk M O,Edhw anls K J.Distribution of Thiobacillus fer 体，所以过量通入空气反而使高价锰还原速度降 rooxidans:implication for generation of acid mine drainage 低，导致浸出率下降.异养微生物还原浸出大洋 Science,.1998.278:1519 多金属矿，浸出速度较快，浸出率高，浸矿体系无 [5]Schippirs A.Bo Barker.Biogeochemistry of pyrite and iron sulfice oxidation in marine sediments.Geochim Cosmichim 需通气.投资低.易于操作，环境友好.除可以利 Acta2002,66(1):85 用废糖蜜等食品工业有机废弃物还原MnO2外， [6 Mort S L,Deam Ross D.Biodegradation of phenolic com- 还可以在有机碳源中混入一定量的难降解染料废 pounds by sulfate reducing bacteria from contaminated sed- ments.Microb Ecol,1994(1):67 水，加强共代谢作用，在回收有价金属的同时进行 【刀郑红，汤鸿霄.锰矿砂对取代酚的光氧化作用研究。环境 固体废弃物和有机废弃物综合治理). 科学学报.1999.19(5)：550 Dissimilatory reduction of marine nodules with heterotrophic microbes FENG Yali,LI Haoran2) 1)Civil and Envimonmental Engineering School.University of Science and Techmlogy Beijng.Beijing 100083.Chim 2)State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering.Institute of Pmces Engineering.Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100080 China ABSTRACT Four heterotrophic microbes were separated from deep sea floor sediment of the Pacific O- cean.The dissimilatory reduction principles of these heterotrophic microbes were explored after their ac- climatization to acid and metals.The results indicate that anaerobic leaching is better than aerobic condi- tion,the optimum pH range is 2.5 to 3,the leaching time is 3d,and the leaching rate is up to 98%.It shows that dissimilatory reduction of marine nodules with heterotrophic microbes has such advantages as higher leaching rate,no ventilation,lower investment,easier operation and better environment.The solid and organic waste can be treated at the same time coupling valuable metal recovery. KEY WORDS marine nodules;heterotrophic microbe;dissimilatory reduction;leaching一菌种时, 生物浸出的反应时间为 5 d, 而使用混 合微生物可以提高浸出率, 浸出时间缩短到 3 d, 最终还原率可达 98 %以上( 图 7) .自养型嗜酸硫 杆菌在无铁硫体系中不能发育, 而上述四种微生 物的混合菌种在此体系中相当稳定, 经过多次的 菌种转接培养后, 在生物浸出过程中菌种的性状 仍能保持一致. 图 7 异养菌 K1 , K2 , K3 及混合菌还原大洋多金属结核 Fig.7 Marine nodules reduced by heterotrophic microbes K1 , K2 , K3 and their mixture 由于大洋多金属矿在此过程中作为电子受 体, 所以过量通入空气反而使高价锰还原速度降 低, 导致浸出率下降.异养微生物还原浸出大洋 多金属矿, 浸出速度较快, 浸出率高, 浸矿体系无 需通气, 投资低, 易于操作, 环境友好 .除可以利 用废糖蜜等食品工业有机废弃物还原 MnO2 外, 还可以在有机碳源中混入一定量的难降解染料废 水, 加强共代谢作用, 在回收有价金属的同时进行 固体废弃物和有机废弃物综合治理[ 7] . 3 结论 (1) 从深海沉积物中分离的异养微生物, 经 耐酸和耐金属驯化后, 具备了与自养型嗜酸硫杆 菌共同培养的嗜酸性能和金属抗性 ; ( 2) 异养微生物还原大洋多金属结核的过程 中, 厌氧浸出优于好氧浸出, pH 控制在 2.5 ～ 3 为 宜, 浸出时间为 3 d, 浸出率达 98 %; (3) 异养微生物还原浸出大洋多金属矿, 浸 出速率高, 矿体无需通气, 投资低, 易于操作, 环境 友好 .可在回收有价金属的同时进行固体废弃物 和有机废弃物综合治理. 参 考 文 献 [ 1] Nealson K H, Little B .Microbial met al-ion reduction and mars:extraterrestrial expectation.Curr Opinion Mi crobiol, 2002( 5) :296 [ 2] Lovley D R.Bioremediation of organic and met al contaminants w ith dissimilatory metal reduction.J Ind Microbiol, 1995, 114:85 [ 3] Boon M, Heijnen J J.Chemical oxidation kineti cs of pyrite in bioleaching processes.Hydrometallurgy, 1998, 48:27 [ 4] S chrenk M O, Edw ards K J.Distribution of Thiobacillus fer￾rooxidans:implication for generation of acid mine drainage . Science, 1998, 278:1519 [ 5] S chippirs A, Bo Barker .Biogeochemistry of pyrite and iron sulfide oxidation in marine sediments.Geochim Cosmichim Acta, 2002, 66( 1) :85 [ 6] Mort S L, Dean-Ross D .Biodegradation of phenolic com￾pounds by sulf at e-reducing bact eria from cont aminated sedi￾ments.Microb Ecol, 1994( 1) :67 [ 7] 郑红, 汤鸿霄.锰矿砂对取代酚的光氧化作用研究.环境 科学学报, 1999, 19( 5) :550 Dissimilatory reduction of marine nodules with heterotrophic microbes FENG Y ali 1) , LI Haoran 2) 1) Civil and Environment al Engineering S chool, Uni versit y of Science and Tech nology Beijing, Beijing 100083, C hina 2) St at e Key Laborat ory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China ABSTRACT Four heterotrophic microbes w ere separated from deep sea floor sediment of the Pacific O￾cean .The dissimilatory reduction principles of these heterotrophic microbes were explored after their ac￾climatization to acid and metals .The results indicate that anaerobic leaching is better than aerobic condi￾tion, the optimum pH range is 2.5 to 3, the leaching time is 3 d, and the leaching rate is up to 98 %.It shows that dissimilatory reduction of marine nodules with hetero trophic microbes has such advantages as higher leaching rate, no ventilatio n, lower investment, easier operatio n and better environment .The solid and organic w aste can be treated at the same time coupling valuable metal recovery . KEY WORDS marine nodules;heterotrophic microbe ;dissimilatory reduction ;leaching · 1114 · 北 京 科 技 大 学 学 报 2006 年第 12 期