TECHNOLOGY OF CEREA Such a device consists of a wire brush rotating(75%in the U.s.A. of maize is processed to within a perforated cylinder. produce starch. The product with the highest value, coming from dry milling is 'grits. Two Industrial milling of millets important characteristics of the maize grain influence the production of grits, viz. the large Industrial processing of millets is even less embryo and the presence of horny and mealy mon and less developed than that of sorghum. endosperm in the same grain(see Fig 6.6) While there are reports of experimental attempts The significance of the large embryo lies not to adapt technology appropriate to other cereals, only in its failure to contribute to the grits yield the concept of industrial scale millet milling is but also in its high oil content. Inclusion of this not well established. Industrial production of oil in the product, either as a component of four inevitably imposes a need for distribution embryo chunks or through its expression on to facilities, and for storage. The inclusion of the surface of grits, reduces the shelf-life through embryo parts, or even oil expressed from the its oxidation and consequent rancidity. variation embryo in flour, reduces storage life, as in in endosperm texture is important because grits sorghum. Any successful process should there- are essentially derived from the horny parts of fore include a degerming stage. The limited the endosperm; softer parts too readily breaking amount of small-scale industrial processing that down to four. In the industrialized world, grits is carried out consists of abrasive decortication are used mainly in production of, or consumption followed by reduction of endosperm with as, breakfast cereals. They are also used for hammer mills or similar devices dependent on making fermented beverages. In Africa a fine grit attrition meal ( mealy meal)is an important staple Maize dry-milling exploits most of the prin Dry milling of maize ciples used in grain milling(cf. p. 134), but not all are involved in the same process. Several Q Dry milling is a relatively minor industry combinations are described in the text below. mpared with wet milling, by which the majority Historical Dry milling techniques were in use by north nd south american indians in ancient times Endosperm Hand-held stones were used initially, but a later development was one hand-held stone ground CotyLedon against a concave bedstone. a further develop- ment of this was the hominy block, fashioned from two trees, the stump of one being hollowed out as a mortar, and the springy limb of another Plumule Embryo nearby, serving as a pestle The name hominy is derived from a north american Indian word and it describes a coarse ground maize meal mixed th milk today, applied to Radicle some of the products of modern maize dry milling, e.g. 'hominy feedand hominy grits Later devel malze included the quern, a device common to the Ro FiG 6.6 Diagram of the maize grain showing the relative sizes times. Querns consisted of two stones; the of the main anatomical componen upper'capstone' being rotated over the stationaryCotyledon -, Plumule Radicle ~ ment of this was the hominy block, fashioned from two trees, the stump of one being hollowed out as a mortar, and the springy limb of another nearby, serving as a pestle. The name ‘hominy’ is derived from a North American Indian word and it describes a coarse ground maize meal mixed with milk or water. It persists today, applied to some of the products of modern maize dry . Embryo