·1164 工程科学学报，第37卷，第9期 映到点蚀电位的变化上并不明显 [8]Mozhi T,Clark W.Nishimoto K.The effect of nitrogen on the sensitization of AlSI 304 stainless steel.Corrosion,1985,41 3结论 (10):555 9]Mudali U K,Baldev R.High Nitrogen Steel and Stainless Steels (1)N质量分数从0.09%增加到0.20%时， Manufacturing:Properties and Applications.Beijing:Chemical In- 316LN的平均晶粒尺寸从33.7减小至21.7um,高的 dustry Press,2006 N含量可以明显减小316LN在固溶处理过程中的晶粒 (曼德里UK,贝德威R.高氮钢和不锈钢：生产、性能与应 长大趋势：N质量分数每增加0.01%，316LN的抗拉强 用.北京：化学工业出版社，2006) 度增大8.33MPa,屈服强度增大4.56MPa.晶粒尺寸 [10]Dayal R K,Parvathavarthini N,Raj B.Influence of metallurgi- 的细化对316LN强度的影响远小于N含量对316LN cal variables on sensitisation kinetics in austenitic stainless steels.Int Mater Rev,2005,50(3):129 强度的影响，N含量对316LN的强化作用主要是由固 [11]Rajasekhar K,Harendranath C S,Raman R,et al.Microstruc- 溶强化造成的. tural evolution during solidification of austenitic stainless steel (2)Cr和Mo含量对316LN的抗拉强度和屈服强 weld metals:a color metallographic and electron microprobe anal- 度等力学性能影响微弱，而N元素的影响可以忽略. ysis study.Mater Charact,1997,38(2):53 Mo含量增加可起到微弱细化316LN晶粒尺寸的作 [12]American Society for Testing and Materials.G150-3 Code for 用，当Ni含量较低时，使得铸态组织中先析出8铁素 Standard Test Method for Electrochemical Critical Pitting Temper- 体相，则316LN在热加工后的晶粒会相对较大. ature Testing of Stainless Steels.Pennsyvania:ASTM Internation- al,1999 (3)所有成分的316LN试样均存在明显的钝化 [13]Gavriljuk V G,Bem H.High Nitrogen Steels.Berlin:Springer, 区，Mo含量的增加可明显改善316LN的耐点蚀能力， 1999 Cr元素的增加可轻微改善316LN的抗点蚀能力，Ni元 [14]Dyson D J,Holmes B.Effect of alloying additions on the lattice 素对316LN的耐点蚀性能影响不大，但可增大其钝态 parameter of austenite.J Iron Steel Inst,1970,208:469 的腐蚀速度，不利于钝化膜的稳定.随着N含量的升 [15]Wan R C,Sun F,Zhang L T,et al.Effect of Mo on the high- 高，316LN的耐点蚀性能改善，但是当N质量分数达到 temperature yield strength of fire-resistant steels.J Unir Sci Tech- nol Beijing,2013,35(3):325 0.20%时，其耐点蚀性能又开始变差.316LN的晶粒 (万荣春，孙峰，张澜庭，等.Mo对耐火钢高温屈服强度的影 越大，其发生点蚀的倾向越小. 响，北京科技大学学报，2013,35(3)：325) 06 Hammar O,Svensson U.Solidification and Casting of Metals 参考文献 London:The Metals Society,1979 [17]Mataya M C,Nilsson E R,Brown E L,et al.Hot working and [Simmons J W.Overview:high-nitrogen alloying of stainless recrystallization of as-cast 316L.Metall Mater Trans A,2003,34 steels.Mater Sci Eng A,1996,207(2)159 (8):1683 Babu M N,Dutt B S,Venugopal S,Venugopal S,et al.Fatigue 8]Olefjord I.The passive state of stainless steels.Mater Sci Eng, crack growth behavior of 316LN stainless steel with different nitro- 1980,42:161 gen contents.Procedia Eng,2013,55:716 19] Olefjord I,Wegrelius L.Surface analysis of passive state.Corros B3]Zhang X Z,Zhang YS,Li Y J,et al.Cracking initiation mecha- Sc,1990,31:89 nism of 316LN stainless steel in the process of the hot deformation. 220]Olefjord I,Brox B,Jelvestam U.Surface composition of stainless Mater Sci Eng A.2013,559:301 steels during anodic dissolution and passivation studied by ES- 4]Zhang W H,Sun S H,Zhao D L.et al.Hot deformation behavior CA.J Electrochem Soc,1985,132:2854 of an Nb-containing 316LN stainless steel.Mater Des,2011,32 21] Olefjord I,Wegrelius L.The influence of nitrogen on the passi- (8):4173 vation of stainless steels.Corros Sci,1996,38(7):1203 5]Vogt J B.Foct J,Regnard C.Low-temperature fatigue of 316L. 22]Vanini A S,Audouard J P,Marcus P.The role of nitrogen in the and 316LN austenitic stainless steels.Metall Trans A,1991,22: passivity of austenitic stainless steels.Corros Sci,1994,36 2385 (11):1825 6 Werner E.Solid solution and grain size hardening of nitrogenal- D3]Luo Q,Chen Y,Liu S W.The studies on the corrosion behav- loyed austenitic steels.Mater Sci Eng A,1998,101:93 iors of 316NG and 304NG nitrogen-ontaining stainless steels Roncery LM,Weber S,Theisen W.Nucleation and precipitation made in China.Procedia Eng,2012,27:1560 kinetics of M2s C6 and M2 N in an Fe-Mn-Cr-C-N austenitic ma- 24]Olsson C O A.The influence of nitrogen and molybdenum on trix and their relationship with the sensitization phenomenon.Acta passive films formed on the austenoferritic stainless steel 2205 Mater,2011,59(16):6275 studied by AES and XPS.Corros Sci,1995,37(3):467工程科学学报，第 37 卷，第 9 期 映到点蚀电位的变化上并不明显． 3 结论 ( 1 ) N 质 量 分 数 从 0. 09% 增 加 到 0. 20% 时， 316LN 的平均晶粒尺寸从 33. 7 减小至 21. 7 μm，高的 N 含量可以明显减小316LN 在固溶处理过程中的晶粒 长大趋势; N 质量分数每增加 0. 01% ，316LN 的抗拉强 度增大 8. 33 MPa，屈服强度增大 4. 56 MPa． 晶粒尺寸 的细化对 316LN 强度的影响远小于 N 含量对 316LN 强度的影响，N 含量对 316LN 的强化作用主要是由固 溶强化造成的． ( 2) Cr 和 Mo 含量对 316LN 的抗拉强度和屈服强 度等力学性能影响微弱，而 Ni 元素的影响可以忽略． Mo 含量增加可起到微弱细化 316LN 晶粒尺寸的作 用，当 Ni 含量较低时，使得铸态组织中先析出 δ 铁素 体相，则 316LN 在热加工后的晶粒会相对较大． ( 3) 所有成分的 316LN 试样均存在明显的钝化 区，Mo 含量的增加可明显改善 316LN 的耐点蚀能力， Cr 元素的增加可轻微改善 316LN 的抗点蚀能力，Ni 元 素对 316LN 的耐点蚀性能影响不大，但可增大其钝态 的腐蚀速度，不利于钝化膜的稳定． 随着 N 含量的升 高，316LN 的耐点蚀性能改善，但是当 N 质量分数达到 0. 20% 时，其耐点蚀性能又开始变差． 316LN 的晶粒 越大，其发生点蚀的倾向越小． 参 考 文 献 ［1］ Simmons J W． Overview: high-nitrogen alloying of stainless steels． Mater Sci Eng A，1996，207( 2) : 159 ［2］ Babu M N，Dutt B S，Venugopal S，Venugopal S，et al． Fatigue crack growth behavior of 316LN stainless steel with different nitro￾gen contents． Procedia Eng，2013，55: 716 ［3］ Zhang X Z，Zhang Y S，Li Y J，et al． Cracking initiation mecha￾nism of 316LN stainless steel in the process of the hot deformation． Mater Sci Eng A，2013，559: 301 ［4］ Zhang W H，Sun S H，Zhao D L，et al． Hot deformation behavior of an Nb-containing 316LN stainless steel． Mater Des，2011，32 ( 8) : 4173 ［5］ Vogt J B，Foct J，Ｒegnard C． Low-temperature fatigue of 316L and 316LN austenitic stainless steels． Metall Trans A，1991，22: 2385 ［6］ Werner E． Solid solution and grain size hardening of nitrogen-al￾loyed austenitic steels． Mater Sci Eng A，1998，101: 93 ［7］ Ｒoncery L M，Weber S，Theisen W． Nucleation and precipitation kinetics of M23C6 and M2N in an Fe--Mn--Cr--C--N austenitic ma￾trix and their relationship with the sensitization phenomenon． Acta Mater，2011，59( 16) : 6275 ［8］ Mozhi T，Clark W，Nishimoto K． The effect of nitrogen on the sensitization of AISI 304 stainless steel． Corrosion，1985，41 ( 10) : 555 ［9］ Mudali U K，Baldev Ｒ． High Nitrogen Steel and Stainless Steels Manufacturing: Properties and Applications． Beijing: Chemical In￾dustry Press，2006 ( 曼德里 U K，贝德威 Ｒ． 高氮钢和不锈钢: 生产、性能与应 用． 北京: 化学工业出版社，2006) ［10］ Dayal Ｒ K，Parvathavarthini N，Ｒaj B． Influence of metallurgi￾cal variables on sensitisation kinetics in austenitic stainless steels． Int Mater Ｒev，2005，50( 3) : 129 ［11］ Ｒajasekhar K，Harendranath C S，Ｒaman Ｒ，et al． Microstruc￾tural evolution during solidification of austenitic stainless steel weld metals: a color metallographic and electron microprobe anal￾ysis study． Mater Charact，1997，38( 2) : 53 ［12］ American Society for Testing and Materials． G150-13 Code for Standard Test Method for Electrochemical Critical Pitting Temper￾ature Testing of Stainless Steels． Pennsyvania: ASTM Internation￾al，1999 ［13］ Gavriljuk V G，Bern H． High Nitrogen Steels． Berlin: Springer， 1999 ［14］ Dyson D J，Holmes B． Effect of alloying additions on the lattice parameter of austenite． J Iron Steel Inst，1970，208: 469 ［15］ Wan Ｒ C，Sun F，Zhang L T，et al． Effect of Mo on the high￾temperature yield strength of fire-resistant steels． J Univ Sci Tech￾nol Beijing，2013，35( 3) : 325 ( 万荣春，孙峰，张澜庭，等． Mo 对耐火钢高温屈服强度的影 响，北京科技大学学报，2013，35( 3) : 325) ［16］ Hammar O，Svensson U． Solidification and Casting of Metals． London: The Metals Society，1979 ［17］ Mataya M C，Nilsson E Ｒ，Brown E L，et al． Hot working and recrystallization of as-cast 316L． Metall Mater Trans A，2003，34 ( 8) : 1683 ［18］ Olefjord I． The passive state of stainless steels． Mater Sci Eng， 1980，42: 161 ［19］ Olefjord I，Wegrelius L． Surface analysis of passive state． Corros Sci，1990，31: 89 ［20］ Olefjord I，Brox B，Jelvestam U． Surface composition of stainless steels during anodic dissolution and passivation studied by ES￾CA． J Electrochem Soc，1985，132: 2854 ［21］ Olefjord I，Wegrelius L． The influence of nitrogen on the passi￾vation of stainless steels． Corros Sci，1996，38( 7) : 1203 ［22］ Vanini A S，Audouard J P，Marcus P． The role of nitrogen in the passivity of austenitic stainless steels． Corros Sci，1994，36 ( 11) : 1825 ［23］ Luo Q，Chen Y，Liu S W． The studies on the corrosion behav￾iors of 316NG and 304NG nitrogen-containing stainless steels made in China． Procedia Eng，2012，27: 1560 ［24］ Olsson C O A． The influence of nitrogen and molybdenum on passive films formed on the austenoferritic stainless steel 2205 studied by AES and XPS． Corros Sci，1995，37( 3) : 467 ·1164·