2012年第9期 上海经济研究· 积极性、保证完成生产任务有重大作用”。①根据市委一系列指示精神,1951年内上海国营纺织企 业全部废除了拿摩温制,至1952年上半年,各厂陆续建立起生产小组,并以民主选举产生出生产小 组长,以生产小组长制彻底取代了拿摩温制,这不仅建立了企业基层生产管理的组织、制度,而且 使上海国营纺织企业由厂部、车间、生产小组构成的三级管理体制正式形成,上海国营纺织企业管 理制度改造基本完成,1952年下半年,随着民主改革运动的结束,上海国营纺织企业内部生产关系 的变革亦全面完成 综上所述,1949~1952年上海国营纺织企业的实例说明,一、由接收官僚资本企业建立的新中 国国营企业,在企业性质转变后还必须进行内部生产关系的变革,只是这一变革采取什么方式进 行对稳定新生政权的经济基础影响重大,事实证明先原封不动地接收、后逐步加以的改造,避免了 剧烈变革可能造成的生产停滞,努力恢复和发展设生产,整个转变过程是一次成功的和平过渡 改造的方式以循序渐进,由上至下逐步展开、加深、扩大,抓住了企业内部生产关系变革的关键 环节,组织机构改造和废旧立新的制度改造,清除了旧官僚资本企业的管理机制的种种糟粕,使 “工人当家作主、“实行民主管理”的民主改革理念落实为具体的制度保障;三,改造的结果是奠定 了之后国营企业组织建设与制度建设的基础,并为之后顺利展开一系列生产改革、技术改革以及 大规模的生产建设创造了条件。口 Survey to the changes of the taken-over bureaucrat-capital transferring to the state-owned enterprises of the New China during 1949-1952 Shanghai state-owned textile enterprises' being taken-over formed and transformed as the main research subject hu ting (Institute of Economics, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences 200020 Abstract: It is one of the most important ways of running state-owned enterprises through ital by the Peoples Republic of China during the time of the new Chines Ireaucrat-eapital, which had to get through the totally forming to build the socialism state-owned blem of the production owners change after solving the problem of the ownership of the material. This paper makes an analysis of three changes of Shanghai state-owned textile enterprises to get some successful experiences from taking over Chinese textile built company totally to revoke it entirely: from reforming the enterprises system step by step to shape the level three management system of factory, workshop and production team and from abolishing a series of feudal oppression system to build a series of democratic management system with three clues of"production resuming forming”and“ management systen Keywords: take-over; form; transform; democratic management ①上海市档案馆档案:A38-1-168-75《关于国营棉纺织厂建立生产小组制度的指示》,1951年12月10 155 91994-2013ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.ALlrightsreservedhttp://www.cnki.net积极性、保证完成生产任务有重大作用”。① 根据市委一系列指示精神，1951 年内上海国营纺织企 业全部废除了拿摩温制，至 1952 年上半年，各厂陆续建立起生产小组，并以民主选举产生出生产小 组长，以生产小组长制彻底取代了拿摩温制，这不仅建立了企业基层生产管理的组织、制度，而且 使上海国营纺织企业由厂部、车间、生产小组构成的三级管理体制正式形成，上海国营纺织企业管 理制度改造基本完成，1952 年下半年，随着民主改革运动的结束，上海国营纺织企业内部生产关系 的变革亦全面完成。 综上所述，1949 ～ 1952 年上海国营纺织企业的实例说明，一、由接收官僚资本企业建立的新中 国国营企业，在企业性质转变后还必须进行内部生产关系的变革，只是这一变革采取什么方式进 行对稳定新生政权的经济基础影响重大，事实证明先原封不动地接收、后逐步加以的改造，避免了 剧烈变革可能造成的生产停滞，努力恢复和发展设生产，整个转变过程是一次成功的和平过渡; 二，改造的方式以循序渐进，由上至下逐步展开、加深、扩大，抓住了企业内部生产关系变革的关键 环节，组织机构改造和废旧立新的制度改造，清除了旧官僚资本企业的管理机制的种种糟粕，使 “工人当家作主”、“实行民主管理”的民主改革理念落实为具体的制度保障; 三，改造的结果是奠定 了之后国营企业组织建设与制度建设的基础，并为之后顺利展开一系列生产改革、技术改革以及 大规模的生产建设创造了条件。□ Survey to the changes of the taken-over bureaucrat-capital transferring to the state-owned enterprises of the New China during 1949 － 1952 —Shanghai state-owned textile enterprises’being taken-over， formed and transformed as the main research subject． Zhu Ting ( Institute of Economics，Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences 200020) Abstract: It is one of the most important ways of running state-owned enterprises through confiscating bureaucrat-capital by the People's Republic of China during the time of the new Chinese state-owned economic system establishment． The new state-owned enterprises transformed from bureaucrat-capital，which had to get through the totally forming to build the socialism state-owned enterprises relationships of production，still needed to solve the problem of the production ownership change after solving the problem of the ownership of the material． This paper makes an analysis of three changes of Shanghai state-owned textile enterprises to get some successful experiences from taking over Chinese textile built company totally to revoke it entirely; from reforming the enterprises system step by step to shape the level three management system of factory，workshop and production team and from abolishing a series of feudal oppression system to build a series of democratic management system with three clues of “production resuming”， “organization reforming ” and “management system improvement”． Keywords: take-over; form; transform; democratic management — 155 — 2012 年第9 期 ·上海经济研究· ① 上海市档案馆档案: A38 － 1 － 168 － 75《关于国营棉纺织厂建立生产小组制度的指示》，1951 年 12 月 10 日