2014-18 Water and electrolytes disturbances Sodium balance Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances Water balance Hao, Chuan-Ming MD assium Composition of body Fluids Water is the most abundant constituent in the body 50% of body weight in women Total body water is distributed in two major intravascular(plasma water) and The major ECF particles: Na* CH and HCO3- The predominant ICF osmoles: K* and organic phosphate esters (ATP, creatine phosp and phospholipids 命HO Certain solutes, particularly urea, do ontribute to water shifts across most … membranes and are thus known as ineffective Cell shrinks2014-1-8 1 Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances Hao, Chuan-Ming MD Huashan Hospital Water and electrolytes disturbances • Sodium balance – Hypovolemia • Water balance – Hyponatremia – Hypernatremia • Potassium balance – Hypokelemia – hyperkelemia Composition of Body Fluids • Water is the most abundant constituent in the body: – 50% of body weight in women – 60% in men • Total body water is distributed in two major compartments: – 55–75% is intracellular fluid (ICF) – 25–45% is extracellular fluid (ECF) • ECF is subdivided into – intravascular (plasma water) and – extravascular (interstitial) spaces in a ratio of 1:3. 2/3 ECF 1/3 ECF Osmoles • The major ECF particles: Na+ , Cl– and HCO3 – • The predominant ICF osmoles: K+ and organic phosphate esters (ATP, creatine phosphate, and phospholipids) • Certain solutes, particularly urea, do not contribute to water shifts across most membranes and are thus known as ineffective osmoles