A23.3-04 rds Association 10. 16 Slenderness effects- Sway frames 49 10.16.1 Effective length factor 49 10.16.2 End moments 49 10.16.3 Calculation of m. 50 10.16.4 Slenderness limit 50 10. 16.5 Strength and stability checks 50 10.16.6 Moment magnification for flexural members 50 0.17 Composite columns-General 51 10.18 Composite column with spiral reinforcement 5 10.19 Composite column with tie reinforcement 52 11 Shear and torsion 53 1.1 General 53 11.1.1 53 11.1.2 Regions near discontinuities 53 11.1.3 Interface regions 53 11.1.4 labs and footings 53 11.15 Alternative methods 53 11.2 Design requirements 53 11.2.1 Tension due to restraint 53 11.2.2 Variable depth members 53 11.2.3 Openings 53 11.2.4 Types of shear reinforcement 53 1.2.5 Anchorage of shear reinforcement 54 11.2.6 Types of torsion reinforcement 54 11.2.7 Anchorage of torsion reinforcement 54 11.28 Minimum shear reinforcement 54 11.2.9 Consideration of torsion 55 11.2.10 Effective web width 55 11.2.11 Reduced prestress in transfer length 56 Design for shear and torsion in flexural regions s>ams 56 11.2.12 Hanger reinforcement for beams supporting other bea 11.3.1 Required shear resistance 57 11.3.2 Sections near supports 57 11.3.3 Factored shear resistance 57 11.3.4 Determination of v 57 11.3.5 Determination of Vs 57 11.3.6 Determination of B and 0 58 11.3.7 Proportioning of transverse reinforcement 60 11.3.8 Maximum spacing of transverse reinforcement 60 11.3.9 Proportioning of longitudinal reinforcement 60 11.3.10 Sections subjected to combined shear and torsion 61 Strut-and-tie model 62 11.4.1 Structural idealization 62 11.4.2 Proportioning of strut 62 11.4.3 Proportioning of ties 64 11.4.4 Proportioning of node regions 64 11.4.5 Crack control reinforcement 64 11.5 Interface shear transfer 64 11.5.1 Genera|64 11.5.2 Values of c and u 65 11.5.3 Alternative equation for shear stress resistance 65 11.5.4 Values of o and py 65 11.5.5 Inclined shear friction reinforcement 65 December 2004A23.3-04 © Canadian Standards Association vi December 2004 10.16 Slenderness effects — Sway frames 49 10.16.1 Effective length factor 49 10.16.2 End moments 49 10.16.3 Calculation of δsMs 50 10.16.4 Slenderness limit 50 10.16.5 Strength and stability checks 50 10.16.6 Moment magnification for flexural members 50 10.17 Composite columns — General 51 10.18 Composite column with spiral reinforcement 51 10.19 Composite column with tie reinforcement 52 11 Shear and torsion 53 11.1 General 53 11.1.1 Flexural regions 53 11.1.2 Regions near discontinuities 53 11.1.3 Interface regions 53 11.1.4 Slabs and footings 53 11.1.5 Alternative methods 53 11.2 Design requirements 53 11.2.1 Tension due to restraint 53 11.2.2 Variable depth members 53 11.2.3 Openings 53 11.2.4 Types of shear reinforcement 53 11.2.5 Anchorage of shear reinforcement 54 11.2.6 Types of torsion reinforcement 54 11.2.7 Anchorage of torsion reinforcement 54 11.2.8 Minimum shear reinforcement 54 11.2.9 Consideration of torsion 55 11.2.10 Effective web width 55 11.2.11 Reduced prestress in transfer length 56 11.2.12 Hanger reinforcement for beams supporting other beams 56 11.3 Design for shear and torsion in flexural regions 57 11.3.1 Required shear resistance 57 11.3.2 Sections near supports 57 11.3.3 Factored shear resistance 57 11.3.4 Determination of Vc 57 11.3.5 Determination of Vs 57 11.3.6 Determination of β and θ 58 11.3.7 Proportioning of transverse reinforcement 60 11.3.8 Maximum spacing of transverse reinforcement 60 11.3.9 Proportioning of longitudinal reinforcement 60 11.3.10 Sections subjected to combined shear and torsion 61 11.4 Strut-and-tie model 62 11.4.1 Structural idealization 62 11.4.2 Proportioning of strut 62 11.4.3 Proportioning of ties 64 11.4.4 Proportioning of node regions 64 11.4.5 Crack control reinforcement 64 11.5 Interface shear transfer 64 11.5.1 General 64 11.5.2 Values of c and µ 65 11.5.3 Alternative equation for shear stress resistance 65 11.5.4 Values of σ and ρ v 65 11.5.5 Inclined shear friction reinforcement 65