Searle's five basic kinds of utterances 1) Representatives/assertives(断言类)：which commit the speaker to the truth of the expressed proposition (asserting,concluding...) 2) Directives(指令类)：which are the attempts by the speaker to get the addressee to do sth.(requesting, questioning...) 3) Commisives(承诺类)：which commit the speaker to some future course of action (promising,threatening, offering...) 4）) Expressives(表达类)：which express a psychological state (thanking,apologizing,welcoming, congratulating...)1) Representatives /assertives (断言类): which commit the speaker to the truth of the expressed proposition (asserting, concluding…) 2) Directives (指令类): which are the attempts by the speaker to get the addressee to do sth. (requesting, questioning…) 3) Commisives (承诺类): which commit the speaker to some future course of action (promising, threatening, offering…) 4) Expressives (表达类): which express a psychological state (thanking, apologizing, welcoming, congratulating…) Searle’s five basic kinds of utterances