hminadunt thatmkeup concentnteya0egasatroagheatngna re the leas of the carb oxylic add den Audn内of a Amide +( epaeaoego已hceceate,whiahmayacounte Amides can be reduced to amines or aldehydes. co of mides sn HH A- 22saggs880ahrdnae 20-7 Amidatesnd TherHalogntion:The Hofmann Reduction of an Amide to an Aldehyde 9 V.V-Mmecylprata rnt depntonoca 88 Amide groups link the amino acid sub-units that make up peptides and proteins. Many simpler amides possess biological activity. Anandamide, the amide of arachidonic acid with 2-aminoethanol, binds to the same brain receptor as does tetrahydrocannabinol, the active ingredient in marijuana. Anandamide is also found in chocolate, which may account for the phrase, “addicted to chocolate.” Amide hydrolysis requires strong heating in a concentrated acid or base. Amides are the least reactive of the carboxylic acid derivatives. Nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions of amides generally require relatively harsh conditions. Basic hydrolysis produces the carboxylate salt and the amine. Amides can be reduced to amines or aldehydes. Unlike alcohols, reduction of amides using LiAlH4 produces amines instead of alcohols. Reduction of amides using bis(2-methylpropyl) aluminum hydride produces aldehydes, the same as the reaction with esters. Amidates and Their Halogenation: The Hofmann Rearrangement 20-7 In amides, the hydrogens on both the nitrogen and α-carbon are acidic. Deprotonation of the nitrogen to form an amidate ion is more favorable, however. From a practical point of view, deprotonation of the α-carbon can only occur for tertiary amines, in which the nitrogen is blocked