Brondo Year in Review Public Anthropology 209 ndustries, anthropologists were motivated to take action, Consumption, " has global reach and will shape the way in striving to ensure that marginalized peoples and communities which the AP puts together the news in the digital age not be left out of discussions to reprioritize corporate agen das. In early fall of 2009, anthropologists working with or in RACE RELATIONS CIVIL RIGHTS AND POLICY industry joined together in Chicago at the fifth Ethnographic REFORMS Praxis in Industry Conference(EPIC)to discuss"Taking Care With the historic inauguration of the first African American of Business: Having an Impact and Staying Relevant as Ethno- U.S. president, there has been renewed public and poli graphers in Today's Economic Climate. EPIC participants attention to the critical analysis of race relations and racial worked toward building strategies to utilize ethnography perceptions in the United States. An example of public me- to lower risk, drive innovation, and maximize return on dia concern includes the February 2009 PBS broadcast of investments through business models that are sensitive to " Herskovits at the Heart of Blackness, "a film that explores peoples and cultures. One example is Elizabeth Tunstall's Melville J. Herkovits's(1895-1963)contributions to an- participation in the u. S. National Design Policy Initiative thropological theorization on power, race, representation Summit held in December of 2009 in Washington, D. C. and defining culture and includes interviews of anthropol Participants developed strategic priorities for 2010, which ogists Lee Baker and Johnnetta Cole. An example of the included the following: introducing K-12 educational cur- convergence of public and policy conversations on race is riculum learning modules on design creativity and innova- the "teachable moments"initiated by the White House to of d preparing and publishing cases studies and examples improve race relations(e.g, the July"Beer Summit"be- of design's social, economic, and environmental positive tween Harvard Professor Henry Louis Gates ]r and police impacts;and developing roundtables with the design com- Sergeant James Crowley) government agencies, ar communal ity stakeholders Increasingly, anthropologists have been invited to help (seewww.designpolicy.org shape the national dialogue about race on Capitol Hill. For Gillian Tett and Karen Ho made headlines de emonstrat example, Michael Blakey, Goodman, and other schol- ing the value ethnography brings to understanding the finan- ars from the RACE project were invited to participate in cial crisis. Tett's New York Times list bestseller Fool's Gold: How "A Discussion on Race and Politics, an event sponsored by the Bold Dream of a Small Tribe at J.P. Morgan Was Corrupted by the Congressional Black Caucus(CBC)on November 18 Wall Street Greed and Unleashed a Catastrophe(2009)describes 2009, to commemorate the 25th anniversary of Reverend how the invention of credit-derivate obligations--which at Jesse Jackson Sr 's first run for the U.S. presidency. Blakey first seemed a win-win in the financial world as they freed and other anthropologists reported on the emergence of up capital, increased profits, and diversified risk--led to the a"new American racism"a phrase used to describe the financial crisis when banks began to take on subprime mort- current sociocultural and political environment wherein ef gages to the derivatives and securitization. For this work forts to redress the effects of our long history of structural Tett was named the journalist of the Year at the March 2009 racism(e. g, through affirmative-action policies)are deemed British Press Awards. Karen Ho's Liquidated: An Ethnography " racist"and they urged a paradigm shift from the of Wall Street(2009)suggests that, without significant orga- ration of race as genetics toward a focus on the biol nizational culture change, the road to economic recovery consequences of race and racism(AAA 2009). This engage is far from over. Ho shows how the organizational culture ment served to further increase anthropological involvement of Wall Street and investment bankers are both"cultures of(and the articulation of scientific research findings) in the na- liquidity" and that one cannot be separated from the struc- tional conversation on race tures and practices of the e other New investment bankers Public anthropologists made advances in the area of jus socialized into a high-risk, high-reward culture that creates tice, incarceration, and access to higher education for under a perception that job insecurity builds character and leads represented populations in 2009. Addressing juvenile crime efficient business practices. Yet, rather than lead to financial policies, Robert Hahn's(the Centers for Disease Control) stability, Ho demonstrates that such a work culture produces interdisciplinary work to assess the effectiveness of laws and crisis and breeds financial insecurity. The social impact of policies that facilitate the transfer of juveniles to the adul this analysis was significantly broadened with media cover- criminal-justice system informed reconsiderations of state age of her book, including an interview with Ho by Time and federal policies in 2009. The finding that transferring Magazine in July(Kiviat 2009) juveniles to the adult justice system does not prevent or At the 108th Annual Meeting of the American An- reduce violence but actually serves to increase rates of vi- ropological Association (AAA) in Philadelphia, Robbie oler transferred youth(McGowan et al. 2007) Blinkoff and his firm, Context-Based Research, were rec- is cited in transfer-policy revisions included in the pend gnized with the Washington Association of Professional ing U.S. legislation, the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Anthropologists's(WAPA)2009 Praxis Award for helping Prevention Reauthorization Act. Similar policy revisions are the Associated Press(AP)understand the way young people now being considered in Virginia, North Carolina, and other learn about news globally. Their project, "A New Model for states. At the local level, Bill McKinney addressed juve- News: Studying the Deep Structure of Young-Adult News nile justice through his work with Men in Motion in theBrondo • Year in Review: Public Anthropology 209 industries, anthropologists were motivated to take action, strivingto ensurethat marginalized peoples and communities not be left out of discussions to reprioritize corporate agen￾das. In early fall of 2009, anthropologists working with or in industry joined together in Chicago at the fifth Ethnographic Praxis in Industry Conference (EPIC)to discuss “Taking Care of Business: Having an Impact and Staying Relevant as Ethno￾graphers in Today’s Economic Climate.” EPIC participants worked toward building strategies to utilize ethnography to lower risk, drive innovation, and maximize return on investments through business models that are sensitive to peoples and cultures. One example is Elizabeth Tunstall’s participation in the U.S. National Design Policy Initiative Summit held in December of 2009 in Washington, D.C. Participants developed strategic priorities for 2010, which included the following: introducing K–12 educational cur￾riculum learning modules on design creativity and innova￾tion; preparing and publishing cases studies and examples of design’s social, economic, and environmental positive impacts; and developing roundtables with the design com￾munity, government agencies, and community stakeholders (see www.designpolicy.org). Gillian Tett and Karen Ho made headlines demonstrat￾ing the value ethnography brings to understanding the finan￾cial crisis. Tett’sNew York Times list bestseller Fool’s Gold: How the Bold Dream of a Small Tribe at J.P. Morgan Was Corrupted by Wall Street Greed and Unleashed a Catastrophe (2009) describes how the invention of credit-derivate obligations—which at first seemed a win–win in the financial world as they freed up capital, increased profits, and diversified risk—led to the financial crisis when banks began to take on subprime mort￾gages to the derivatives and securitization. For this work, Tett was named the Journalist of the Year at the March 2009 British Press Awards. Karen Ho’s Liquidated: An Ethnography of Wall Street (2009) suggests that, without significant orga￾nizational culture change, the road to economic recovery is far from over. Ho shows how the organizational culture of Wall Street and investment bankers are both “cultures of liquidity” and that one cannot be separated from the struc￾tures and practices of the other. New investment bankers are socialized into a high-risk, high-reward culture that creates a perception that job insecurity builds character and leads to efficient business practices. Yet, rather than lead to financial stability, Ho demonstrates that such a work culture produces crisis and breeds financial insecurity. The social impact of this analysis was significantly broadened with media cover￾age of her book, including an interview with Ho by Time Magazine in July (Kiviat 2009). At the 108th Annual Meeting of the American An￾thropological Association (AAA) in Philadelphia, Robbie Blinkoff and his firm, Context-Based Research, were rec￾ognized with the Washington Association of Professional Anthropologists’s (WAPA) 2009 Praxis Award for helping the Associated Press (AP) understand the way young people learn about news globally. Their project, “A New Model for News: Studying the Deep Structure of Young-Adult News Consumption,” has global reach and will shape the way in which the AP puts together the news in the digital age. RACE RELATIONS, CIVIL RIGHTS, AND POLICY REFORMS With the historic inauguration of the first African American U.S. president, there has been renewed public and policy attention to the critical analysis of race relations and racial perceptions in the United States. An example of public me￾dia concern includes the February 2009 PBS broadcast of “Herskovits at the Heart of Blackness,” a film that explores Melville J. Herkovits’s (1895–1963) contributions to an￾thropological theorization on power, race, representation, and defining culture and includes interviews of anthropol￾ogists Lee Baker and Johnnetta Cole. An example of the convergence of public and policy conversations on race is the “teachable moments” initiated by the White House to improve race relations (e.g., the July “Beer Summit” be￾tween Harvard Professor Henry Louis Gates Jr. and police Sergeant James Crowley). Increasingly, anthropologists have been invited to help shape the national dialogue about race on Capitol Hill. For example, Michael Blakey, Alan Goodman, and other schol￾ars from the RACE project were invited to participate in “A Discussion on Race and Politics,” an event sponsored by the Congressional Black Caucus (CBC) on November 18, 2009, to commemorate the 25th anniversary of Reverend Jesse Jackson Sr.’s first run for the U.S. presidency. Blakey and other anthropologists reported on the emergence of a “new American racism”—a phrase used to describe the current sociocultural and political environment wherein ef￾forts to redress the effects of our long history of structural racism (e.g.,through affirmative-action policies) are deemed “racist”—and they urged a paradigm shift from the explo￾ration of race as genetics toward a focus on the biological consequences of race and racism (AAA 2009). This engage￾ment servedto further increase anthropological involvement (and the articulation of scientific research findings) in the na￾tional conversation on race. Public anthropologists made advances in the area of jus￾tice, incarceration, and access to higher education for under￾represented populations in 2009. Addressing juvenile crime policies, Robert Hahn’s (the Centers for Disease Control) interdisciplinary work to assess the effectiveness of laws and policies that facilitate the transfer of juveniles to the adult criminal-justice system informed reconsiderations of state and federal policies in 2009. The finding that transferring juveniles to the adult justice system does not prevent or reduce violence but actually serves to increase rates of vi￾olence among transferred youth (McGowan et al. 2007) is cited in transfer-policy revisions included in the pend￾ing U.S. legislation, the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Reauthorization Act. Similar policy revisions are now being considered in Virginia, North Carolina, and other states. At the local level, Bill McKinney addressed juve￾nile justice through his work with Men in Motion in the