版权所有 违者必究 [A] Womens dominant C] Sex Discrimination in the U.S SUMMER. NETEM: CB& in the Work-force DI Woman vs Men in the work Force B] Womens Campaign for Equal Rights. 54. With the introduction of modern equipment, A] a host of men have been dismissed B] women begin to pick up jobs once done only by men. [ C] men are mainly engaged in manipulating robots D] women took over many jobs abandoned by men 55. According to the author, the change in women's status in the workplace A] will stop for the time being [C] will give rise to new problems. B will crush mens self-esteem. will be an optimistic tendency. Text 4 There is still a lot of uncertainty about how the U. s military effort in Afghanistan will affect the U.s economy. To analy ze the likely economic impact of the war, I think of the current action as analogous to U.s wars of the past. My main conclusion is that the current war will be expansionary and will, therefore, help the U.s economy recover from its current slowdown. If we consider World War Il, Korea, and Vietnam, we have examples of large, medium, and small wars. In World War Il, peak mil itary spending in 1944 was 60% to 70% of prewar gross domestic product. During the Korean War, spending peaked at around 11%of GDP in 1952, and during the vietnam War, it peaked at about 2% of GDP in 1968. The evidence is that economic activ ity expanded dur ing each war but by less than the amount of wartime spending. My estimate is that each $I worth of mil itary outlays led to a 60 c-to-70 c increase in GDP. To ut it another way, while military spending raised output, there was no free lunch. The spend ing had to be paid for by decreases in other forms of spending, especially business investment(and by more work effort) Given the insecurity of the post-September I1 world, I would expect a long-lasting increase in spending. If the U. S. responds as it did during the Reagan Administrations defense buildup of the early defense spending would rise ano ther 1% to 1.5% of GDP over a one-to two-year period. Thus, the spending stimulus from the war on terror will likely be similar to the extra 2% of GDP that was expended at the peak of the Vietnam War. Using the kind of economic response mentioned before, where GDP rose by 60 cents to 70 cents for each dollar of military outlay this stimulus is likely to help the economy avoid a recession in 2002 Not all aspects of wars are favorable to economic activity, of course. Consumers' perceived increased risk of flying, for example, lowers the demand for air travel, and the perceived higher risk of terrorism likely reduces business investment. However, negative effects were also present in previous wars, includ ing worries about Japanese invasion of the U.S. main land during World War II and about Soviet missiles during the cold war. Nevertheless, the net effects of previous wars on U.S. GDP turned out to be positive 56. Towards the net effects of the U.S military effort in Afghanistan on its economy recovery, the author's attitude can be best said to be [A] critical [C] approving 3] compr uncertain. 57. Paragraph 2 is written mainly A] highlight the sensations caused by the wars C exemplify the effects of wars on GDP expansions. B] interpret the causes of terrorist attacks ]refute the long-held notions about world wars 58. The author seems to insist that [A]military downsizing is going nowhere C] wars are the best solution to conflicts B]U.S military in Afghanistan is justified I wars can stimulate economic growth Wish your success! 8 Work hard and good luck!版权所有 违者必究 Wish your success! 8 Work hard and good luck! [A] Women’s Dominance in the Work-force. [B] Women’s Campaign for Equal Rights. [C] Sex Discrimination in the U.S. [D] Woman vs. Men in the Work Force. 54. With the introduction of modern equipment, [A] a host of men have been dismissed. [B] women begin to pick up jobs once done only by men. [C] men are mainly engaged in manipulating robots. [D] women took over many jobs abandoned by men. 55. According to the author, the change in women’s status in the workplace [A] will stop for the time being. [B] will crush men’s self-esteem. [C] will give rise to new problems. [D] will be an optimistic tendency. Text 4 There is still a lot of uncertainty about how the U.S military effort in Afghanistan will affect the U.S. economy. To analyze the likely economic impact of the war, I think of the current action as analogous to U.S. wars of the past. My main conclusion is that the current war will be expansionary and will, therefore, help the U.S. economy recover from its current slowdown. If we consider World War II, Korea, and Vietnam, we have examples of large, medium, and small wars. In World War II, peak military spending in 1944 was 60% to 70% of prewar gross domestic product. During the Korean War, spending peaked at around 11% of GDP in 1952, and during the Vietnam War, it peaked at about 2% of GDP in 1968. The evidence is that economic activity expanded during each war but by less than the amount of wartime spending. My estimate is that each $1 worth of military outlays led to a 60 c-to-70 c increase in GDP. To put it another way, while military spending raised output, there was no free lunch. The spending had to be paid for by decreases in other forms of spending, especially business investment (and by more work effort). Given the insecurity of the post-September 11 world, I would expect a long-lasting increase in defense spending. If the U.S. responds as it did during the Reagan Administration’s defense buildup of the early 1980s, defense spending would rise another 1% to 1.5% of GDP over a one-to two-year period. Thus, the overall spending stimulus from the war on terror will likely be similar to the extra 2% of GDP that was expended at the peak of the Vietnam War. Using the kind of economic response mentioned before, where GDP rose by 60 cents to 70 cents for each dollar of military outlay this stimulus is likely to help the economy avoid a recession in 2002. Not all aspects of wars are favorable to economic activity, of course. Consumers’ perceived increased risk of flying, for example, lowers the demand for air travel, and the perceived higher risk of terrorism likely reduces business investment. However, negative effects were also present in previous wars, including worries about Japanese invasion of the U.S. mainland during World War II and about Soviet missiles during the cold war. Nevertheless, the net effects of previous wars on U.S. GDP turned out to be positive. 56. Towards the net effects of the U.S military effort in Afghanistan on its economy recovery, the author’s attitude can be best said to be [A] critical. [B] compromising. [C] approving. [D] uncertain. 57. Paragraph 2 is written mainly to [A] highlight the sensations caused by the wars. [B] interpret the causes of terrorist attacks. [C] exemplify the effects of wars on GDP expansions. [D] refute the long-held notions about world wars. 58. The author seems to insist that [A] military downsizing is going nowhere. [B] U.S military effort in Afghanistan is justified. [C] wars are the best solution to conflicts. [D] wars can stimulate economic growth. SUMMER : NETEM: CB8