Article 78 State of War] Chambers are competent to declare war and assign the necessary powers to government. Article 79 [Amnesty and Pardon (1)Amnesties and pardons may be granted by a law which must be adopted both article by article and in its entirety by two thirds of the members of each chamber (2)A law granting amnesty or pardon has to establish time limits for its enforcement. ( In no instance may amnesty or pardon be extended to offences committed after the bill has been introduced. Article 80[Ratification of Treaties] Chambers ratify by law international treaties which are of political nature, provide for arbitration or judicial regulation, imply modifications of the territory, impose financial burdens, or result in modifications of the laws Article 81 [Budgets (1) For each year, chambers are voting the budget and final balance submitted by the govemment. (2)Te han four months altogether (3)In the budget law, no new taxes or expenditures may be adopted. (4)All other laws implying new or additional expenditures must define the means to cover them Article 82 [Inquiries] (1)A chamber may start inquiries into matters of public interest. (2)It therefore appoints a committee composed of its members in proportion to the size of the groups in parliament. The committee of enquiry investigates and examines the matters carrying the same powers and limitations as the judiciary Title ll The President of the Republic Article 83 Election of the President (1)The president is elected in joint session of parliament. (2)Three delegates from every region, elected by the regional councils in a way guaranteeing minority representation, participate in the election. The Aosta Valley is represented by one delegate. ()Presidential elections, conducted by secret ballot, require a two-thirds majority of the assembly. After the third ballot a majority of the members is sufficient. Article 84 [Eligibility, Incompatibility, Allowance) (1) Any citizen over fifty years enjoying civil and political rights is eligible for president (2)The presidency is incompatible with any other office (3)Remunerations and endowments of the president are defined by law. Article 85 [Presidential Term] (1) The presidential term is seven years. (2)For the election of a new president, the speaker of the house of representatives summons parliament in joint session with regional delegates thirty days before the end of term. (3)If the parliament is dissolved within three months of end of term, the new chambers elect the president within fifteen days of their first meeting. Meanwhile, the former president continues to be in power Article 86 Substitute of the President (1) If the president is unable to perform his duties, they are carried out by the speaker of the senate (2)In the case of permanent inability, death, or resignation of the president, the speaker of the house of representatives calls presidential elections within fifteen days unless more time is needed because the chambers are dissolved or their term is expiring within three month Article 87[Presidential Duties] (I)The president is head of state and represents the unity of the nation. (2)The president may send messages to parliament. (3) He calls parliamentary elections and sets the date of their first meeting. 4)He authorizes the governments legislative initiatives (5) He promulgates laws and issues decrees with the force of law as well as govemment regulations (6) He call a referendum when provided for by the constitution. (7) He appoints state officials as provided by the laws (8)He accredits and receives diplomatic representatives, ratifies international treaties once they are authorized by parliament, provided (9)He is the commander of the armed forces and chairman of the supreme defense council constituted by law he declares war according to the decision of the parliament. (10)He chairs the superior council of the judiciary (11)He has the power to grant pardons and commute punishments (12)He confers the honors of the republicArticle 78 [State of War] Chambers are competent to declare war and assign the necessary powers to government. Article 79 [Amnesty and Pardon] (1) Amnesties and pardons may be granted by a law which must be adopted both article by article and in its entirety by two thirds of the members of each chamber. (2) A law granting amnesty or pardon has to establish time limits for its enforcement. (3) In no instance may amnesty or pardon be extended to offences committed after the bill has been introduced. Article 80 [Ratification of Treaties] Chambers ratify by law international treaties which are of political nature, provide for arbitration or judicial regulation, imply modifications of the territory, impose financial burdens, or result in modifications of the laws. Article 81 [Budgets] (1) For each year, chambers are voting the budget and final balance submitted by the government. (2) Temporary execution of the budget may not be granted except by law and for periods of no more than four months altogether. (3) In the budget law, no new taxes or expenditures may be adopted. (4) All other laws implying new or additional expenditures must define the means to cover them. Article 82 [Inquiries] (1) A chamber may start inquiries into matters of public interest. (2) It therefore appoints a committee composed of its members in proportion to the size of the groups in parliament. The committee of enquiry investigates and examines the matters carrying the same powers and limitations as the judiciary. Title II The President of the Republic Article 83 [Election of the President] (1) The president is elected in joint session of parliament. (2) Three delegates from every region, elected by the regional councils in a way guaranteeing minority representation, participate in the election. The Aosta Valley is represented by one delegate. (3) Presidential elections, conducted by secret ballot, require a two-thirds majority of the assembly. After the third ballot a majority of the members is sufficient. Article 84 [Eligibility, Incompatibility, Allowance] (1) Any citizen over fifty years enjoying civil and political rights is eligible for president. (2) The presidency is incompatible with any other office. (3) Remunerations and endowments of the president are defined by law. Article 85 [Presidential Term] (1) The presidential term is seven years. (2) For the election of a new president, the speaker of the house of representatives summons parliament in joint session with regional delegates thirty days before the end of term. (3) If the parliament is dissolved within three months of end of term, the new chambers elect the president within fifteen days of their first meeting. Meanwhile, the former president continues to be in power. Article 86 [Substitute of the President] (1) If the president is unable to perform his duties, they are carried out by the speaker of the senate. (2) In the case of permanent inability, death, or resignation of the president, the speaker of the house of representatives calls presidential elections within fifteen days unless more time is needed because the chambers are dissolved or their term is expiring within three months. Article 87 [Presidential Duties] (1) The president is head of state and represents the unity of the nation. (2) The president may send messages to parliament. (3) He calls parliamentary elections and sets the date of their first meeting. (4) He authorizes the governments legislative initiatives. (5) He promulgates laws and issues decrees with the force of law as well as government regulations. (6) He call a referendum when provided for by the constitution. (7) He appoints state officials as provided by the laws. (8) He accredits and receives diplomatic representatives, ratifies international treaties once they are authorized by parliament, provided parliamentary approval is necessary. (9) He is the commander of the armed forces and chairman of the supreme defense council constituted by law; he declares war according to the decision of the parliament. (10) He chairs the superior council of the judiciary. (11) He has the power to grant pardons and commute punishments. (12) He confers the honors of the republic