9or Hybrids Balanced Identical Amplifier Stages Feedback Networ Active Match Resistive Match Distributed IGURE 43.3 Broadband amplifier configurations. Balanced has low noise figure and better cascadability, feedback small size, active match is more suitable for monolithic approach, and distributed is good for multioctave bandwidths Itiplication, e.g, nonlinear reactance in varactors and step-recovery diodes and nonlinear resistance in hottky barrier diodes and three-terminal devices(BJT, MESFET, HEMT, HBT) Varactor multipliers offer the best frequency multiplier performance. Varactor multipliers(pulsed)have achieved power output in excess of 100 and 10 W at 4 and 10 GHz, respectively [Bahl and Bhartia, 1988] Table 43. 4 shows the best performance measured in the millimeter wave range and above. 43.5 Mixers Mixers convert(heterodyne) the input frequency to a new frequency, where filtering and/or gain is easier to implement, in contrast to detectors, which are used to provide an output signal that contains the amplitude or amplitude variation information of the input signal. A mixer is basically a multiplier, which requires two e 2000 by CRC Press LLC© 2000 by CRC Press LLC multiplication, e.g., nonlinear reactance in varactors and step-recovery diodes and nonlinear resistance in Schottky barrier diodes and three-terminal devices (BJT, MESFET, HEMT, HBT). Varactor multipliers offer the best frequency multiplier performance. Varactor multipliers (pulsed) have achieved power output in excess of 100 and 10 W at 4 and 10 GHz, respectively [Bahl and Bhartia, 1988]. Table 43.4 shows the best performance measured in the millimeter wave range and above. 43.5 Mixers Mixers convert (heterodyne) the input frequency to a new frequency, where filtering and/or gain is easier to implement, in contrast to detectors, which are used to provide an output signal that contains the amplitude or amplitude variation information of the input signal. A mixer is basically a multiplier, which requires two FIGURE 43.3 Broadband amplifier configurations. Balanced has low noise figure and better cascadability, feedback has small size, active match is more suitable for monolithic approach, and distributed is good for multioctave bandwidths. RF In RF Out Identical Amplifier Stages 90° Hybrids Matching Network Matching Network MN MN MN Balanced Feedback Active Match Resistive/ Reactive Match Distributed