3190 H.Lee et al.Neurocomputing 72 (2009)3182-3190 [10]D.D.Lee.H.S.Seung.Algorithms for non-negative matrix factorization, team leader of the laboratory for Artificial Brain Systems,at Frontier Research in:Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems.13.MIT Press. Program RIKEN (Japan).in the Brain Information Processing Group.He is currently Cambridge,2001. the head of the laboratory for Advanced Brain Signal Processing.at RIKEN Brain [11]H.Lee,A.Cichocki,S.Choi,Nonnegative matrix factorization for motor Science Institute(JAPAN)in the Brain-Style Computing Group directed by Professor imagery EEGclassification,in:Proceedings of the International Conference on Shun-ichi Amari.He is co-author of more than 250 scientific papers and three Artificial Neural Networks,Athens,Greece,Springer,Berlin,2006. internationally recognized monographs (two of them translated to Chinese): 12]H.Lee,Y.-D.Kim,A.Cichocki,S.Choi.Nonnegative tensor factorization fo Adaptive Blind Signal and Image Processing (Wiley.April 2003-revised edition) continuous EEG classification,International Journal of Neural Systems 17(4) CMOS Switched-Capacitor and Continuous-Time Integrated Circuits and Systems (2007)305-317. (Springer,1989)and Neural Networks for Optimizations and Signal Processing 13]S.Lemm.C.Schafer.G.Curio,BCI competition 2003-data set Ill:probabilistic (Teubner-Wiley.1994).He is Editor in Chief of International Journal Computational modeling of sensorimotor u rhythms for classification of imaginary hand Intelligence and Neuroscience. movements,IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 51(6)(2004). [14]S.Z.Li.X.W.Hou.H.J.Zhang.Q.S.Cheng.Learning spatially localized parts- based representation,in:Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition,Kauai.Hawaii,2001,pp.207-212. [15]T.Li.C.Ding.The relationships among various nonnegative matrix factoriza- Seungjin Choi received the B.S.and M.S.degrees in Electrical Engineering from Seoul National University. tion methods for clustering.in:Proceedings of the IEEE International Korea,in 1987 and 1989,respectively,and the Ph.D. Conference on Data Mining.Hong Kong,2006. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of [16]P.Paatero.U.Tapper,Positive matrix factorization:a non-negative factor Notre Dame.Indiana.in 1996.He was a Visiting model with optimal utilization of error estimates of data values,Environ- Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical metrics5(1994)111-126. Engineering at University of Notre Dame,Indiana, [17]J.R.Wolpaw.N.Birbaumer.D.J.McFarland.G.Pfurtscheller.T.M.Vaughan. during the Fall semester of 1996.He was with the Brain-computer interfaces for communication and control,Clinical Neuro- physiology113(2002)767-791. Laboratory for Artificial Brain Systems.RIKEN.Japan,in 1997 and was an Assistant Professor in the School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering.Chungbuk Na- tional University from 1997 to 2000.He is currently a Professor of Computer Science at Pohang University of Hyekyoung Lee received the B.S.degree in electrical Science and Technology.Korea.His primary recent research has focused on engineering in 2000.and the M.S.and Ph.D.degrees in statistical machine learning and probabilistic models,including manifold learning. computer science in 2003 and 2009.from Pohang matrix factorization,semi-supervised learning.kernel machines,and independent University of Science and Technology.Pohang.Korea. component analysis,with applications to brain computer interface.bioinformatics, Her research interests include statistical machine information retrieval and pattern recognition. learning and EEG-based brain computer interface. engineering from Warsaw University of Technology (Poland).Since 1972,he has been with the Institute of Theory of Electrical Engineering,Measurement and Information Systems,Faculty of Electrical Engineering at the Warsaw University of Technology,where he obtained a title of a full Professor in 1995.He spent several years at University Erlangen-Nuerenberg (Germany).at the Chair of Applied and Theoretical Electrical Engineering directed by Professor Rolf Un- behauen,as an Alexander-von-Humboldt Research Fellow and Guest Professor.In 1995-1997 he was a[10] D.D. Lee, H.S. Seung, Algorithms for non-negative matrix factorization, in: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 13, MIT Press, Cambridge, 2001. [11] H. Lee, A. Cichocki, S. Choi, Nonnegative matrix factorization for motor imagery EEG classification, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, Athens, Greece, Springer, Berlin, 2006. [12] H. Lee, Y.-D. Kim, A. Cichocki, S. Choi, Nonnegative tensor factorization for continuous EEG classification, International Journal of Neural Systems 17 (4) (2007) 305–317. [13] S. Lemm, C. Scha¨fer, G. Curio, BCI competition 2003-data set III: probabilistic modeling of sensorimotor m rhythms for classification of imaginary hand movements, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 51 (6) (2004). [14] S.Z. Li, X.W. Hou, H.J. Zhang, Q.S. Cheng, Learning spatially localized parts￾based representation, in: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Kauai, Hawaii, 2001, pp. 207–212. [15] T. Li, C. Ding, The relationships among various nonnegative matrix factoriza￾tion methods for clustering, in: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, Hong Kong, 2006. [16] P. Paatero, U. Tapper, Positive matrix factorization: a non-negative factor model with optimal utilization of error estimates of data values, Environ￾metrics 5 (1994) 111–126. [17] J.R. Wolpaw, N. Birbaumer, D.J. McFarland, G. Pfurtscheller, T.M. Vaughan, Brain-computer interfaces for communication and control, Clinical Neuro￾physiology 113 (2002) 767–791. Hyekyoung Lee received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering in 2000, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in computer science in 2003 and 2009, from Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea. Her research interests include statistical machine learning and EEG-based brain computer interface. Andrzej Cichocki received the M.Sc. (with honors), Ph.D. and Dr.Sc. (Habilitation) degrees, all in electrical engineering from Warsaw University of Technology (Poland). Since 1972, he has been with the Institute of Theory of Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Information Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering at the Warsaw University of Technology, where he obtained a title of a full Professor in 1995. He spent several years at University Erlangen-Nuerenberg (Germany), at the Chair of Applied and Theoretical Electrical Engineering directed by Professor Rolf Un￾behauen, as an Alexander-von-Humboldt Research Fellow and Guest Professor. In 1995–1997 he was a team leader of the laboratory for Artificial Brain Systems, at Frontier Research Program RIKEN (Japan), in the Brain Information Processing Group. He is currently the head of the laboratory for Advanced Brain Signal Processing, at RIKEN Brain Science Institute (JAPAN) in the Brain-Style Computing Group directed by Professor Shun-ichi Amari. He is co-author of more than 250 scientific papers and three internationally recognized monographs (two of them translated to Chinese): Adaptive Blind Signal and Image Processing (Wiley, April 2003-revised edition), CMOS Switched-Capacitor and Continuous-Time Integrated Circuits and Systems (Springer, 1989) and Neural Networks for Optimizations and Signal Processing (Teubner-Wiley, 1994). He is Editor in Chief of International Journal Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience. Seungjin Choi received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Seoul National University, Korea, in 1987 and 1989, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Notre Dame, Indiana, in 1996. He was a Visiting Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at University of Notre Dame, Indiana, during the Fall semester of 1996. He was with the Laboratory for Artificial Brain Systems, RIKEN, Japan, in 1997 and was an Assistant Professor in the School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chungbuk Na￾tional University from 1997 to 2000. He is currently a Professor of Computer Science at Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea. His primary recent research has focused on statistical machine learning and probabilistic models, including manifold learning, matrix factorization, semi-supervised learning, kernel machines, and independent component analysis, with applications to brain computer interface, bioinformatics, information retrieval and pattern recognition. ARTICLE IN PRESS 3190 H. Lee et al. / Neurocomputing 72 (2009) 3182–3190