C)He is directly under the chief financial executive D)He has no say in making important decisions in the firm 48. The money most American firms put in training mainly goes to A)workers who can operate new equipment B)technological and managerial staff C)workers who lack basic background skills D)top executives 49. According to the passage, the decisive factor in maintaining a firms competitive advantage A)the introduction of new technologies B)the improvement of worker's basic skills C) the rational composition of professional and managerial employees D)the attachment of importance to the bottom half of the employees 50. What is the main idea of the passage? A)American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human-resource B) Extensive retraining is indispensable to effective human-resource management C)The head of human-resource management must be in the central position in a firm's D)The human-resource management strategies of American firms affect their competitive Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage: The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject( bf% XfR). Too close a relation, and the writer may lose objectivity. Not close enough, and the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind, a soul-the quality of life. Who nould write the biography of a family, for example? Because of their closeness to the subject, family members may have special information, but by the same token, they may not have th distance that would allow them to be fair. Similarly, a kings servant might not be the best one to write a biography of that king, But a foreigner might not have the knowledge and sympathy necessary to write the kings biography- not for a readership from within the kingdom, at any rate There is no ideal position for such a task. The biographer has to work with the position he or she has in the world, adjusting that position as necessary to deal with the subject. Every position has strengths and weaknesses: to thrive, a writer must try to become aware of these, evaluate them in terms of the subject, and select a position accordingly When their subjects are heroes or famous figures, biographies often reveal a democratic motive: they attempt to show that their subjects are only human, no better than anyone else. Other biographies are meant to change us, to invite us to become better than we are. The biographies of Jesus(耶稣) found in the bible are in this class Biographers may claim that their account is the"authentic"one. In advancing this claim they are helped if the biography is "authorized"by the subject; this presumably allows the biographer special access to private information. "Unauthorized"biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of mind in the biographer. In book promotions, the"unauthorized"characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. A subject might have several biographies, even sever alC) He is directly under the chief financial executive. D) He has no say in making important decisions in the firm. 48. The money most American firms put in training mainly goes to _____. A) workers who can operate new equipment B) technological and managerial staff C) workers who lack basic background skills D) top executives 49. According to the passage, the decisive factor in maintaining a firm's competitive advantage is __________. A) the introduction of new technologies B) the improvement of worker's basic skills C) the rational composition of professional and managerial employees D) the attachment of importance to the bottom half of the employees 50. What is the main idea of the passage? A) American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human-resource management. B) Extensive retraining is indispensable to effective human-resource management . C) The head of human-resource management must be in the central position in a firm's hierarchy. D) The human-resource management strategies of American firms affect their competitive capacity. Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage: The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject(研究 对象). Too close a relation, and the writer may lose objectivity. Not close enough, and the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind, a soul--the quality of life. Who should write the biography of a family, for example? Because of their closeness to the subject, family members may have special information, but by the same token, they may not have the distance that would allow them to be fair. Similarly, a king's servant might not be the best one to write a biography of that king, But a foreigner might not have the knowledge and sympathy necessary to write the king's biography-not for a readership from within the kingdom, at any rate. There is no ideal position for such a task. The biographer has to work with the position he or she has in the world, adjusting that position as necessary to deal with the subject. Every position has strengths and weaknesses: to thrive, a writer must try to become aware of these, evaluate them in terms of the subject, and select a position accordingly. When their subjects are heroes or famous figures, biographies often reveal a democratic motive: they attempt to show that their subjects are only human, no better than anyone else. Other biographies are meant to change us, to invite us to become better than we are. The biographies of Jesus(耶稣) found in the Bible are in this class. Biographers may claim that their account is the "authentic" one. In advancing this claim, they are helped if the biography is "authorized" by the subject; this presumably allows the biographer special access to private information. "Unauthorized" biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of mind in the biographer. In book promotions, the "unauthorized" characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. A subject might have several biographies, even sever al