ISO/ECCD15444-1:1999(v1.0,9 December1999 image data: Either source image data or reconstructed image data irreversible: A transformation, progression, system, or quantization that, due to systemic or quantization error, JPEG 2000: Used to refer globally to the encoding and decoding processes in this recommendation International Standard and their embodiment in applications LH sub-band: The sub-band obtained by forward horizontal low-pass analysis filtering and vertical high-pass nalysis filtering. This sub-band contributes to reconstruction with inverse horizontal high-pass synthesis Itering and vertical low-pass synthesis filtering. LL sub-band: The sub-band obtained by forward horizontal low-pass analysis filtering and vertical low-pa analysis filtering. This sub-band contributes to reconstruction with inverse horizontal high-pass synthesis iltering and vertical high-pass synthesis filtering layer: A collection of coding passes from one, or more, code-blocks of a tile-component. Layers have an order for encoding and decoding that must be preserved lossless: A descriptive term for the encoding and decoding processes in which the output of the decoding process is identical to the input to the encoding process. Lossless processes require reversible systems lossless coding: The mode of operation that refers to any one of the coding processes defined in this Recommendation International Standard in which all of the procedures are lossless lossy: A descriptive term for encoding and decoding processes which are not lossless. This includes both systems that are irreversible and those that include quantization magnitude refinement pass: A coding pass performed on a single bit-plane of a code-block of coefficients main header: A group of markers and marker segments at the beginning of the codestream that describe the image parameters and universal coding parameters marker: A two-byte code in which the first byte is hexadecimal FF(OxFF) and the second byte is a value between 1(0xo1)and hexadecimal FE(OxFE) marker segment: A marker and associated set of parameters mod: modb, x)=z, where z is an integer such that 0s:<x, and such that y-z is a multiple of x. packet: A part of the bit stream comprising a packet header and the coded data from one layer of one decomposition level of one component of a tile packet header: Portion of the packet that describes the layer, decomposition level, component, and the code block segment lengths progressive: The order a codestream where the decoding of each successive bit contributes to a"better reconstruction of the image. What metrics make the reconstruction"better" is a function of the application Some examples of progression are increasing resolution or improved pixel fidelity quantization: A method of reducing the precision of the individual coefficients to reduce the number of bits reconstructed image(data): An image, which is the output of a decode reconstructed sample (value): The sample value reconstructed by the decoder. This always equals the original sample value in lossless coding but may differ from the original sample value in lossy coding reference grid: A regular rectangular array of points to which all other planes (image, component, tile, sub- reference tile: A rectangular sub-grid of any size associated with the reference grid. egion of interest: A part of the image, component, or tile-component that is considered more important than the rest ITU-T Rec. T 800(1999 CDV10)ISO/IEC CD15444-1 : 1999 (V1.0, 9 December 1999) 4ITU-T Rec. T.800 (1999 CDV1.0) image data: Either source image data or reconstructed image data. irreversible: A transformation, progression, system, or quantization that, due to systemic or quantization error, disallows lossless recovery signal. JPEG 2000: Used to refer globally to the encoding and decoding processes in this Recommendation | International Standard and their embodiment in applications. LH sub-band: The sub-band obtained by forward horizontal low-pass analysis filtering and vertical high-pass analysis filtering. This sub-band contributes to reconstruction with inverse horizontal high-pass synthesis filtering and vertical low-pass synthesis filtering. LL sub-band: The sub-band obtained by forward horizontal low-pass analysis filtering and vertical low-pass analysis filtering. This sub-band contributes to reconstruction with inverse horizontal high-pass synthesis filtering and vertical high-pass synthesis filtering. layer: A collection of coding passes from one, or more, code-blocks of a tile-component. Layers have an order for encoding and decoding that must be preserved. lossless: A descriptive term for the encoding and decoding processes in which the output of the decoding process is identical to the input to the encoding process. Lossless processes require reversible systems. lossless coding: The mode of operation that refers to any one of the coding processes defined in this Recommendation | International Standard in which all of the procedures are lossless. lossy: A descriptive term for encoding and decoding processes which are not lossless. This includes both systems that are irreversible and those that include quantization. magnitude refinement pass: A coding pass performed on a single bit-plane of a code-block of coefficients. main header: A group of markers and marker segments at the beginning of the codestream that describe the image parameters and universal coding parameters. marker: A two-byte code in which the first byte is hexadecimal FF (0xFF) and the second byte is a value between 1 (0x01) and hexadecimal FE (0xFE). marker segment: A marker and associated set of parameters. mod: mod(y,x) = z, where z is an integer such that , and such that y-z is a multiple of x. packet: A part of the bit stream comprising a packet header and the coded data from one layer of one decomposition level of one component of a tile. packet header: Portion of the packet that describes the layer, decomposition level, component, and the code￾block segment lengths. precision: Number of bits allocated to a particular sample. progressive: The order a codestream where the decoding of each successive bit contributes to a “better” reconstruction of the image. What metrics make the reconstruction “better” is a function of the application. Some examples of progression are increasing resolution or improved pixel fidelity. quantization: A method of reducing the precision of the individual coefficients to reduce the number of bits used to entropy code them. reconstructed image (data): An image, which is the output of a decoder. reconstructed sample (value): The sample value reconstructed by the decoder. This always equals the original sample value in lossless coding but may differ from the original sample value in lossy coding. reference grid: A regular rectangular array of points to which all other planes (image, component, tile, sub￾band, etc.) are associated. reference tile: A rectangular sub-grid of any size associated with the reference grid. region of interest: A part of the image, component, or tile-component that is considered more important than the rest. 0 ≤ z x <