1. Concept 2. Apoptotic process and changes 3. Key molecules and Major pathways 4. Techniques to detect apoptosis 5. Apoptosis-related diseases Insufficient apoptosis in diseases Excessive apoptosis in diseases Coexistence of insufficient and excessive apoptosis in diseases 6. Principles of treatment1. Concept 2. Apoptotic process and changes 3. Key molecules and Major pathways 4. Techniques to detect apoptosis 5. Apoptosis-related diseases • Insufficient apoptosis in diseases • Excessive apoptosis in diseases • Coexistence of insufficient and excessive apoptosis in diseases 6. Principles of treatment