Single user gated system (cont. Waiting time in the single user gated systems W,=R+∑X,+ ● S0, W=R+No/u+EV]3W=(R+EV)/(1-P) And the residual time is the same as in the vacation case R=ix.(-e) 2 2V ·Hence, X2 2 W= 21-p+2+1-p Weigiang Sun Communication Networks 6Weiqiang Sun Communication Networks Single user gated system (cont.) 6 W R X V i i i i     W R N E V    Q /      2 2 1 2 2 X V R V      • Waiting time in the single user gated systems • So,  W R E V      / 1   • And the residual time is the same as in the vacation case • Hence, 2 2 2(1 ) 1 2 X V V W V        