李涛等：含水率对放矿松动体形态的细观影响 ·671· 化的临界值. characteristics of an isolated extraction zone in caving mining Chin J Eng,2015,37(9）:1111 4结论 (孙浩，金爱兵，高永涛，等.崩落法采矿中放出体流动特性 的影响因素.工程科学学报，2015,37(9)：1111) (1)处于非饱和状态的崩落矿岩散体为固一液一 [7]Chen Q F,Chen Q L,Zhong J Y,et al.Flow pattern of granular 气三相耦合场，其细观力学特性主要取决于矿岩含 ore rock in a single funnel under a flexible isolation laver.Chin I 水率. Eng,2016,38(7):893 (2)基于非牛顿流体格子波尔兹曼法一离散元 (陈庆发，陈青林，仲建宇，等。柔性隔离层下单漏斗散体矿 岩流动规律.工程科学学报，2016,38(7)：893) 法耦合修正方程建立自然崩落法放矿模型，ω=0时 8] Chen Q F,Chen Q L,Zhong J Y,et al.Evolution law of interface 模型计算结果的拟合优度接近于1，验证了计算模 morphology of flexible isolation layer under ore drawing from single 型的准确性及可靠性，同时也为放矿理论研究提供 funnel.Chin J Nonferrous Met,2016,26(6):1332 了一种新的研究手段. (陈庆发，陈青林，仲建宇，等。单漏斗放矿柔性隔离层界面 (3)不同含水率时，矿岩细颗粒流的速度分布 形态演化规律.中国有色金属学报，2016,26(6)：1332) [9]Wu A X,Sun Y Z.Granular Dynamic Theory and its Application. 均呈沿放矿口轴线逐渐向两侧减小的趋势，且放矿 Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2007 口处颗粒流动速度最大：含水率由0至15%逐渐增 [10]Campbell C S.Granular material flows-n overview.Pouder 大时，放矿场内颗粒流动速度呈现先减小后增大的 Technol,2006,162(3):208 趋势. [11]Ketterhagen W R,Curtis J S,Wassgren C R,et al.Modeling (4)在不同含水率情况下，Hz均随矿岩放出质 granular segregation in flow from quasi-hree-dimensional,wedge- 量分数的增加而增大，在矿岩放出质量分数为0~ shaped hoppers.Pouder Technol,2008,179(3):126 [12]Wang H J,Yin S H,Wu A X,et al.Experimental study of the 15%时，H增长率呈指数形式增长，随后呈线性形 factors affecting the ore flow mechanism during block caving. 式增长；在同等矿岩放出量时，放矿松动体高度随含 China Unir Min Technol,2010,39(5):693 水率的增大呈先增大后减小的趋势 (王洪江，尹升华，吴爱祥，等。崩落矿岩流动特性及影响因 (5)含水率对放矿松动体形态影响显著.在同 素实验研究.中国矿业大学学报，2010,39(5)：693) 等矿岩放出质量分数情况下，随着含水率ω的增 [13]Zhang C Y,Cao P,Fan X,et al.Hopper discharge experiment for high viscosity bauxite flow and micromechanics research.Rock 大，放矿松动体先逐渐变为细长型再逐渐恢复，且放 Soil Mech,2012,33(6):1653 矿松动体形态变化的含水率临界值在10%左右. (张春阳，曹平，范祥，等.高黏性铝土矿放矿流动性试验与 微观力学研究.岩土力学，2012,33(6)：1653) 参考文献 14]Pierce M E.A Model for Grarity Flow of Fragmented Rock in [Li T,Wu A X,Han B,et al.Discrete element method study on Block Caring Mines [Dissertation].Queensland:University of the percolation process of fine particles in ore drawing by the block Queensland,2010 caving method.Chin J Eng,2016,38(11):1509 15]Cundall PA.A computer model for simulating progressive large- (李涛，吴爱祥，韩斌，等.基于离散元理论的自然榭落法放 scale movements in block rock mechanics /Proceedings of the 矿细颗粒渗移过程研究.工程科学学报，2016,38(11)： Symposium of the International Society of Rock Mechanics.Nancy, 1509) 1971:129 Melo F,Vivanco F,Fuentes C.Calculated isolated extracted and 6] Leonardi CR.Development of a Computational Framework Cou- movement zones compared to sealed models for block caving.t pling the Non-Neutonian Lattice Bolzmann Method and the Dis- Rock Mech Min Sci,2009,46(4):731 crete Element Method with Application to Block Caring [Disserta- B3]Castro R,Trueman R,Halim A.A study of isolated draw zones in tion].Swansea:Swansea University,2009 block caving mines by means of a large 3D physical model.Int I [17]Han K,Feng Y T,Owen D R J.Coupled lattice Boltzmann and Rock Mech Min Sci,2007,44(6):860 discrete element modelling of fuid-particle interaction problems 4]Vivanco F,Watt T,Melo F.The 3D shape of the loosening zone Comput Struct,2007,85(11-4):1080 above multiple draw points in block caving through plasticity model [18]Han Y H,Cundall P.Verification of two-dimensional LBM- with a dilation front.Int J Rock Mech Min Sci,2011,48 (3):406 DEM coupling approach and its application in modeling episodic [5]Zhu ZC,Wu A X,Xi Y.Analysis on influence of water content sand production in borehole.Petroleum,2017,3(2):179 on the flowing property of bulk ore-rock.Min Res Dev,2006,26 [19]MeMinn J.Identifying soils by a triangle based on unified soil (6):23 classification system /Papers on Soils 1959 Meetings.West (朱志根，吴爱祥，习泳.含水量对矿岩散体流动特性影响分 Conshohocken,1960:369 析.矿业研究与开发，2006,26(6)：23) 220]Sun QC,Wang GQ.Introduction to the Mechanics of Granular 6]Sun H,Jin A B,Gao Y T,et al.Influencing factors on the flow Material.Beijing:Science Press,2009李 涛等: 含水率对放矿松动体形态的细观影响 化的临界值． 4 结论 ( 1) 处于非饱和状态的崩落矿岩散体为固--液-- 气三相耦合场，其细观力学特性主要取决于矿岩含 水率． ( 2) 基于非牛顿流体格子波尔兹曼法--离散元 法耦合修正方程建立自然崩落法放矿模型，ω = 0 时 模型计算结果的拟合优度接近于 1，验证了计算模 型的准确性及可靠性，同时也为放矿理论研究提供 了一种新的研究手段． ( 3) 不同含水率时，矿岩细颗粒流的速度分布 均呈沿放矿口轴线逐渐向两侧减小的趋势，且放矿 口处颗粒流动速度最大; 含水率由 0 至 15% 逐渐增 大时，放矿场内颗粒流动速度呈现先减小后增大的 趋势． ( 4) 在不同含水率情况下，HIMZ均随矿岩放出质 量分数的增加而增大，在矿岩放出质量分数为 0 ～ 15% 时，HIMZ增长率呈指数形式增长，随后呈线性形 式增长; 在同等矿岩放出量时，放矿松动体高度随含 水率的增大呈先增大后减小的趋势． ( 5) 含水率对放矿松动体形态影响显著． 在同 等矿岩放出质量分数情况下，随着含水率 ω 的增 大，放矿松动体先逐渐变为细长型再逐渐恢复，且放 矿松动体形态变化的含水率临界值在 10% 左右． 参 考 文 献 ［1］ Li T，Wu A X，Han B，et al． Discrete element method study on the percolation process of fine particles in ore drawing by the block caving method． Chin J Eng，2016，38( 11) : 1509 ( 李涛，吴爱祥，韩斌，等． 基于离散元理论的自然崩落法放 矿细颗粒渗移过程研究． 工 程 科 学 学 报，2016，38 ( 11 ) : 1509) ［2］ Melo F，Vivanco F，Fuentes C． Calculated isolated extracted and movement zones compared to scaled models for block caving． Int J Ｒock Mech Min Sci，2009，46( 4) : 731 ［3］ Castro Ｒ，Trueman Ｒ，Halim A． A study of isolated draw zones in block caving mines by means of a large 3D physical model． Int J Ｒock Mech Min Sci，2007，44( 6) : 860 ［4］ Vivanco F，Watt T，Melo F． The 3D shape of the loosening zone above multiple draw points in block caving through plasticity model with a dilation front． Int J Ｒock Mech Min Sci，2011，48( 3) : 406 ［5］ Zhu Z G，Wu A X，Xi Y． Analysis on influence of water content on the flowing property of bulk ore-rock． Min Ｒes Dev，2006，26 ( 6) : 23 ( 朱志根，吴爱祥，习泳． 含水量对矿岩散体流动特性影响分 析． 矿业研究与开发，2006，26( 6) : 23) ［6］ Sun H，Jin A B，Gao Y T，et al． Influencing factors on the flow characteristics of an isolated extraction zone in caving mining． Chin J Eng，2015，37( 9) : 1111 ( 孙浩，金爱兵，高永涛，等． 崩落法采矿中放出体流动特性 的影响因素． 工程科学学报，2015，37( 9) : 1111) ［7］ Chen Q F，Chen Q L，Zhong J Y，et al． Flow pattern of granular ore rock in a single funnel under a flexible isolation layer． Chin J Eng，2016，38( 7) : 893 ( 陈庆发，陈青林，仲建宇，等． 柔性隔离层下单漏斗散体矿 岩流动规律． 工程科学学报，2016，38( 7) : 893) ［8］ Chen Q F，Chen Q L，Zhong J Y，et al． Evolution law of interface morphology of flexible isolation layer under ore drawing from single funnel． Chin J Nonferrous Met，2016，26( 6) : 1332 ( 陈庆发，陈青林，仲建宇，等． 单漏斗放矿柔性隔离层界面 形态演化规律． 中国有色金属学报，2016，26( 6) : 1332) ［9］ Wu A X，Sun Y Z． Granular Dynamic Theory and its Application． Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press，2007 ［10］ Campbell C S． Granular material flows-an overview． Powder Technol，2006，162( 3) : 208 ［11］ Ketterhagen W Ｒ，Curtis J S，Wassgren C Ｒ，et al． Modeling granular segregation in flow from quasi-three-dimensional，wedge￾shaped hoppers． Powder Technol，2008，179( 3) : 126 ［12］ Wang H J，Yin S H，Wu A X，et al． Experimental study of the factors affecting the ore flow mechanism during block caving． J China Univ Min Technol，2010，39( 5) : 693 ( 王洪江，尹升华，吴爱祥，等． 崩落矿岩流动特性及影响因 素实验研究． 中国矿业大学学报，2010，39( 5) : 693) ［13］ Zhang C Y，Cao P，Fan X，et al． Hopper discharge experiment for high viscosity bauxite flow and micromechanics research． Ｒock Soil Mech，2012，33( 6) : 1653 ( 张春阳，曹平，范祥，等． 高黏性铝土矿放矿流动性试验与 微观力学研究． 岩土力学，2012，33( 6) : 1653) ［14］ Pierce M E． A Model for Gravity Flow of Fragmented Ｒock in Block Caving Mines ［Dissertation］． Queensland: University of Queensland，2010 ［15］ Cundall P A． A computer model for simulating progressive large￾scale movements in block rock mechanics / / Proceedings of the Symposium of the International Society of Ｒock Mechanics． Nancy， 1971: 129 ［16］ Leonardi C Ｒ． Development of a Computational Framework Cou￾pling the Non-Newtonian Lattice Boltzmann Method and the Dis￾crete Element Method with Application to Block Caving ［Disserta￾tion］． Swansea: Swansea University，2009 ［17］ Han K，Feng Y T，Owen D Ｒ J． Coupled lattice Boltzmann and discrete element modelling of fluid-particle interaction problems． Comput Struct，2007，85( 11-14) : 1080 ［18］ Han Y H，Cundall P． Verification of two-dimensional LBM-- DEM coupling approach and its application in modeling episodic sand production in borehole． Petroleum，2017，3( 2) : 179 ［19］ McMinn J． Identifying soils by a triangle based on unified soil classification system / / Papers on Soils 1959 Meetings． West Conshohocken，1960: 369 ［20］ Sun Q C，Wang G Q． Introduction to the Mechanics of Granular Material． Beijing: Science Press，2009 · 176 ·