RCHb Nu R-nu X (底物) (亲核试剂) (离去基) substrate N reagent leaving group R'C=CNa+RCH2-C≡CR Nal RCHo-I Naoh RCHG-OH Nacn RCH-CN R ONa RCHO-OR Agono2 RCH2-ON02(AgXl (离子型)RCH2X + Nu¯ R-Nu + X¯ (底物) substrate (亲核试剂) N.reagent (离去基) leaving group R ′ CC¯Na + RCH2 - CCR ′ NaI RCH2-I NaOH RCH2-OH NaCN RCH2 - CN R ′ ONa RCH2-OR ′ AgONO2 RCH2-ONO2 (AgX) (离子型)