③ 颠覆性技术 Transistor Invented 1947(Bell Labs) Production 1952 (Western Electric) Bypass the limitations of the vacuum tube Integrated Circuit Invented 1959(Texas Instruments and Fairchild) Production 1961 (Fairchild) Bypass the limitations of “tyranny of wiring" 材科件子匀L柱子阮 6 School of Materials Science and Engineering材料科学与工程学院 School of Materials Science and Engineering • jjj 6 颠覆性技术