Contents Alkenes:Bonding,Nomenclature,and Properties 191 5.1 Structure of Alkenes 193 HOWTO Calculate the Index of Hydrogen Deficiency193 5.2 Nomenclature of Alkenes 196 5.3 Physical Properties of Alkenes 202 CHEMICAL CONNECTIONS The Case of the lowa and New York Strains of the European Comn Borer 202 5.4 Naturally Occurring Alkenes-Terpene Hydrocarbons 203 DLOGICAL CHEMISTRY The Importance Summary 206 Problems 207 Primer I Reaction Mechanisms 213 6 Reactions of Alkenes 221 6.1 Reactions of Alkenes-An Overview 221 6.2 Organic Reactions Involving Reactive Intermediates 223 6.3 Electrophilic Additions 225 6.4 Hydroboration-Oxidation 244 6.5 Oxidation 248 HOW TO Write a Balanced Halt-Reaction 251 6.6 Reduction 253 CONNECTIONS TO BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY Tans Fatty Acids: What They Are and How to Avoid Them 256 6.7 Molecules Containing Chiral Centers as Reactants or Products 257 Summary 262.Problems 266 7 Alkynes 275 7.1 Structure of Alkynes 275 72 Nomenclature of Alkynes 276 7.3 Physical Properties of Alkynes 278 7.4 Acidity of 1-Alkynes 278 7.5 Preparation of Alkynes 279 7.6 Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes 282 7.7 Hydration of Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones 284 7.8 Reduction of Alkynes 289 .9 Organic Synthesis 291 Summary 295.Problems 298 Unessisotel artnpe3 ixUnless otherwise noted all art on this page © Cengage Learning 2013 Contents ix 5 Alkenes: Bonding, Nomenclature, and Properties 191 5.1 Structure of Alkenes 193 HoW To Calculate the Index of Hydrogen Deficiency 193 5.2 Nomenclature of Alkenes 196 5.3 Physical Properties of Alkenes 202 CHEMICAL ConnECTIonS The Case of the Iowa and New York Strains of the European Corn Borer 202 5.4 Naturally Occurring Alkenes!Terpene Hydrocarbons 203 ConnECTIonS To BIoLogICAL CHEMISTry The Importance of Cis Double Bonds in Fats Versus Oils 205 Summary  206 • Problems  207 Primer I Reaction Mechanisms 213 6 Reactions of Alkenes 221 6.1 Reactions of Alkenes—An Overview 221 6.2 Organic Reactions Involving Reactive Intermediates 223 6.3 Electrophilic Additions 225 6.4 Hydroboration-Oxidation 244 6.5 Oxidation 248 HoW To Write a Balanced Half-Reaction 251 6.6 Reduction 253 ConnECTIonS To BIoLogICAL CHEMISTry Trans Fatty Acids: What They Are and How to Avoid Them 256 6.7 Molecules Containing Chiral Centers as Reactants or Products 257 Summary  262 • Problems  266 7 Alkynes 275 7.1 Structure of Alkynes 275 7.2 Nomenclature of Alkynes 276 7.3 Physical Properties of Alkynes 278 7.4 Acidity of 1-Alkynes 278 7.5 Preparation of Alkynes 279 7.6 Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes 282 7.7 Hydration of Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones 284 7.8 Reduction of Alkynes 289 7.9 Organic Synthesis 291 Summary  295 • Problems  298 Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it