beds rented out to self-employed physicians; only privately paid treatments like plastic surgery) Finally, the dataset is trimmed by excluding the observations with the highest and lowest 1% in weighted cases, beds, and length of stay(300 obs. ) By trimming with respect to the length of stay, we exclude many private hospitals with an average length of stay of one day. These hospitals are not comparable to the other general hospitals. Table 1 reports descriptive statistics of the final sample by ownership type for 2003. Summary statistics of a) the frontier parameters b)the exogenous variables, and c) further characteristics are reported Table 1: The Hospital Statistics: Mean values and standard deviations of selected variables of the year 2003 Total profit Private nean s.d. mean costs cases in 1.000 9.668.64 weighted cases [in 1,000 9.2578711679.508.505.73 06.23 total-adjusted-_costs in m 3730 2.11 number of doctors 574957497828 39.99 44.40 number of nurses 160.68157.5920962 0 142.9999.41 108.38 number of other staff 182420215101m13 4.856294652518448549564072935 price._other -start [in 1,000E] 4.75713424859142356438361012 15.47130415.7910.7214.3110.8717.7820.89 0.01 0.11 0.44 ast dumn 0.170.380.170.3 0.35 0.26 0.44 male ratio 560.090.5 0.570.100.560.13 ratio 0110.21008 0.17 0.45 0.42 0.27 her figures of interest occupancy rates length 9243678572479.533691009542 mortality rate 0.025 0.020.0260.010.0270.030.0180.0 total_adj-costs per bed [in1000493831.42964430.15902128.1493.67547 total-adj costs per weighted 29791,164 mple size N a: number of full time equivalent employees, a2: Total number of employees minus doctors minus nurses, b: costs per full time equivalent employee, c: Costs for medical requirements (including drugs, transplants, implants ) per bed, d: Equals one if a hospital is not incorporated in the federal hospital planning and does not receive any public absidies, e: Equals one if located in eastern Germany, including Berlin, f: The ratio of patients of 75 years of age or older to all patients treated. g: Number of inpatient days divided by the number of beds x 365 a) For a better comparability of the hospitals, total costs are adjusted by subtracting costs for research and ambulatory care from total hospital costs. These adjusted costs(totaladjusted-costs) only capture 'hospital and nursing charges'("pflegesatzfahige Kosten")which are reimbursed by the health insurance companies. These costs, however, are not differentiated by the type of care provided(e. g. acute care vs. rehabilitation care). Input prices for the labour variables medical services(price. doc), nursing services(price.nurse)and other staff(price.other staff)are calculated by dividing the costs incurred per group by its number of full-time equivalent employees. The price for capital (price- bed)is determined as the quotient of costs for all medical requirements sRegarding the log-linear specification, we thus decided not to impute any small values to the observations which ussing or zero. 6 The length of each inpatient stay is at least one day even if the patient does not stay overnightbeds rented out to self-employed physicians; only privately paid treatments like plastic surgery).5 Finally, the dataset is trimmed by excluding the observations with the highest and lowest 1% in weighted cases, beds, and length of stay (300 obs.). By trimming with respect to the length of stay, we exclude many private hospitals with an average length of stay of one day.6 These hospitals are not comparable to the other general hospitals. Table 1 reports descriptive statistics of the final sample by ownership type for 2003. Summary statistics of a) the frontier parameters, b) the exogenous variables, and c) further characteristics are reported. Table 1: The Hospital Statistics: Mean values and standard deviations of selected variables of the year 2003 Total Public non-profit Private variable mean s.d. mean s.d. mean s.d mean s.d. output/costs cases [in 1,000] 9.37 8.05 11.84 9.66 8.64 5.95 5.23 6.29 weighted cases [in 1,000] 9.25 7.87 11.67 9.50 8.50 5.73 5.30 6.23 total adjusted costs [in mio e] 28.50 3.01 37.30 3.91 25.00 1.90 16.40 2.11 inputs number of beds 281.00 222.23 345.85 267.29 264.68 162.78 164.58 178.04 number of doctorsa 57.49 57.49 78.28 106.19 47.94 39.99 30.67 44.40 number of nursesa 160.68 157.59 209.62 203.57 142.99 99.41 87.21 108.38 number of other staffa2 189.95 246.48 263.99 347.17 155.15 114.32 100.17 126.53 price docb [in 1,000e] 88.98 14.29 90.66 11.41 88.34 12.46 86.42 22.73 price nurseb [in 1,000e] 44.85 6.29 46.52 5.18 44.85 49.56 40.72 9.35 price other staffb [in 1,000e] 41.75 7.13 42.48 5.91 42.35 6.42 38.36 10.12 price bedc [in 1,000e] 15.47 13.04 15.79 10.72 14.31 10.87 17.78 20.89 exogenous variables no subsidies dummyd 0.06 0.23 0.02 0.14 0.01 0.11 0.27 0.44 east dummye 0.17 0.38 0.17 0.37 0.14 0.35 0.26 0.44 female ratio 0.56 0.09 0.55 0.07 0.57 0.10 0.56 0.13 plus75 ratiof 0.21 0.11 0.21 0.08 0.23 0.13 0.17 0.12 surgery ratio 0.44 0.28 0.45 0.25 0.42 0.27 0.44 0.36 other figures of interest occupancy rateg 0.75 0.10 0.76 0.09 0.75 0.09 0.73 0.17 nurse per bed ratio 0.54 0.15 0.56 0.12 0.54 0.15 0.49 0.21 av. length of stay per hosp. 9.24 3.67 8.57 2.47 9.53 3.69 10.09 5.42 mortality rate 0.025 0.02 0.026 0.01 0.027 0.03 0.018 0.02 total adj costs per bed [in 1000e] 93.28 31.42 96.44 30.15 90.21 28.14 93.67 54.47 total adj costs per weighted cases 2,979 1,164 2,930 801 3,160 937 3,158 1,742 Sample size N 1594 641 693 260 Source: Final sample of the Hospital Statistics, Statistical Offices of the L¨ander, Germany. a: number of full time equivalent employees, a2: Total number of employees minus doctors minus nurses, b: costs per full time equivalent employee, c: Costs for medical requirements (including drugs, transplants, implants) per bed, d: Equals one if a hospital is not incorporated in the federal hospital planning and does not receive any public subsidies, e: Equals one if located in eastern Germany, including Berlin, f: The ratio of patients of 75 years of age or older to all patients treated, g: Number of inpatient days divided by the number of beds x 365. a) For a better comparability of the hospitals, total costs are adjusted by subtracting costs for research and ambulatory care from total hospital costs. These adjusted costs (total adjusted costs) only capture ’hospital and nursing charges’ (”pflegesatzf¨ahige Kosten”) which are reimbursed by the health insurance companies. These costs, however, are not differentiated by the type of care provided (e.g. acute care vs. rehabilitation care). Input prices for the labour variables medical services (price doc), nursing services (price nurse) and other staff (price other staff ) are calculated by dividing the costs incurred per group by its number of full-time equivalent employees. The price for capital (price bed) is determined as the quotient of costs for all medical requirements 5Regarding the log-linear specification, we thus decided not to impute any small values to the observations which were missing or zero. 6The length of each inpatient stay is at least one day even if the patient does not stay overnight. 5