Part IV Short Answer Directions: Read the following passage and then give a short answer to each of the questions 31-35 on your answer sheet.(20 points,4 points each) Liberia Liberia,the oldest independent Negro state in West Africa,has been struggling for survival ever since its foundation in 1822.Progress has been hampered by constant hostility between the American Negroes whose families returned there in the early 19th century,and the West Africans whose ancestors never left the continent.Though the two groups are of the same race,they are divided by language and outlook and regard each other with deep suspicion creating a conflict which was not foreseen by Liberia's founders. In addition,neighboring states,native tribes,disease,and poverty have made life dangerous and difficult.The government has tried desperately,through loans and a trickle of trade,to make ends meet.Anxiety about financial matters lessened somewhat when,in 1910,the United States accepted responsibility for Liberia's survival.However,not until Harvey Firestone,the American rubber king,decided that the United States must produce its own rubber-with Liberia as the site of the rubber plantations-did Liberia have much hope of paying its debts and balancing its budget () The rubber industry,founded in the 1920's and the activity that followed it brought both progress and profit to Liberia.Before that time Liberia had no roads,not mechanical transport and no good port;its people had little education and few tools.Liberians feel that the country is being ruled by rubber.For this reason,the recent discovery of iron ore is important.Liberian leaders are trying to moderate the power of the rubber industry and to establish the country's political and economic independence. Questions 31 -35: 31.Which country is the oldest independent Negro state in west Africa? 32.When was the oldest independent Negro state in west Africa founded? 33.What problems did the oldest independent Negro state in west Africa face in the late 19th century?(Give two examples.) 34.Who is Harvey Firestone? 35.When was the rubber industry founded in Liberia? 613Part N Short Answer Directions : Read the following passage and then give a short answer to each of the questions 31 - 35 on your answer sh t. (20 points, 4 points each) Liberia Liberia , the oldest independent Negro state in West Africa , has been struggling for survival ever since its foundation in 1822. Progress has been hampered by constant hostility between the American Negroes whose families returned there in the early 19th century , and the West Africans whose ancestors never left the contìnent. Though the two groups are of the same race , they are divided by language and outlook and regard each other with deep suspicion creating a conflict which was not foreseen by Liberia' s founders. In addition , neighboring states, native tribes, disease , and poverty have made life dangerous and difficult. The government has tried desperately , through loans and a trickle of trade , to make ends meet. Anxiety about financial matters lessened somewhat when , in 1910 , the United States accepted responsibility for Liberia' s survival. However, not until Harvey Firestone , the American rubber king , decided that the United States must produce its own rubber - with Liberia as the site of the rubber plantations • did Liberia have much hope of paying its debts and balancing its budget (预算). The rubber industry , founded in the 1920' s and the activity that followed it brought both progress and profit to Liberia. Before that time Liberia had no roads, not mechanical transport and no good port; its people had little education and few tools. Liberians feel that the country is being ruled by rubber. For this reason , the recent discovery of ìron ore is ìmportant. Liberian leaders are trying to moderate the power of the rubber industry and to establish the country' s political and economic independence. Qu tions 31 - 35: 31. Which country is the oldest independent Negro state in west Africa? 32. When was the oldest independent Negro state in west Africa founded? 33. What problems did the oldest independent Negro state in west Africa face in the late 19th century? (Give two examples. ) 34. Who ìs Harvey Firestone? 35. When was the rubber industry founded in Liberia? 613