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·292· 工程科学学报,第40卷,第3期 阶段减小50%左右. (5):587 (3)桩在加载阶段,当桩端位移达到大约3%B (王浩,周健,邓志辉.砂土中桩端阻力随位移发挥的内在机 理研究.岩土工程学报,2006,28(5):587) 时,△σ,发生突变,桩侧摩阻力达到最大值,并且发 [1]De Nicola A,Randolph M F.Centrifuge modelling of pipe piles 现250g下测得桩侧摩阻力峰值大约为50g情况下 in sand under axial loads.Geotechnique,1999,49 (3):295 的2.5倍. [11]Chen W,Shi J Y,Gong Y P,et al.Centrifugal model tests of (4)在离心机黏土试验中,桩在贯入阶段、静置 piles jacked in saturated clay.JHohai Unir1999,27(6):103 稳定阶段和加载阶段桩侧不同深度位置径向应力表 (陈文,施建勇,龚友平,等.饱和黏土中静压桩挤土效应的 现的特征与现场试验桩测得的结果相似,但离心试 离心机模型试验研究.河海大学学报,1999,27(6):103) [12]White D J,Lehane B M.Friction fatigue on displacement piles in 验测得数值要小于现场值,分析原因可能是由于离 sand.Geotechnique,2004,54(10):645 心机所用的高岭黏土与实际天然黏土性质不同 [13]Lehane B M,White D J.Lateral stress changes and shaft friction 所致. for model displacement piles in sand.Can Geotech J,2005,42 (5)在黏土中沉桩,估算桩侧摩阻力时, (4):1039 API2000方法可以得到比较好的预测结果,但是考 [14]Liu Q B,Xiang W,Lehane B M,et al.Experimental study of effect of particle shapes on shear strength of sand and tip resist- 虑桩的/R(或长度效应)这一主要影响因素的 ance of driven piles.Chin J Rock Mech Eng,2011,30 (2):400 CPT2013方法可以获得更合理满意的预测结果. (刘清秉,项伟,B.M.Lehane,等.颗粒形状对砂土抗剪强 度及桩端阻力影响机制试验研究.岩石力学与工程学报, 参考文献 2011,30(2):400) [Eide 0,Hutchinson J N.Landava A.Short and long term test [15]Li L,Li J P,Sun D A,et al.Pile jacking-in effects considering loading of a friction pile in clay.Publikasjon-Norges Geotekniske stress anisotropy of natural clay.Chin J Rock Mech Eng,2016, Institutt,1997,200:1 35(5):1055 Pestana J M,Hunt C E,Bray J D.Soil deformation and excess (李林,李镜培,孙德安,等.考虑天然黏土应力各向异性的 pore pressure field around a closed-ended pile.Geotech Geoenrir- 静压沉桩效应研究.岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(5): on Eng,2002,128(1):1 1055) B]Hight D W,Lawrence D M,Farquhar G B,et al.Evidence for [16]Li J P,Zhang L X,Li L.Time-dependent analysis on strength of scale effects in the end bearing capacity of open-ended piles in soil around jacked pile in saturated clay.J Harbin Inst Technol, sand /Offshore Technology Conference.Houston,1996:181 2016,48(12):89 4]Lehane B M,Gavin K G.Base resistance of jacked pipe piles in (李镜培,张凌翔,李林.饱和黏土中静压桩桩周土体强度 sand.J Geotech Geoenviron Eng,2001,127 (6):473 时效性分析.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2016,48(12):89) [5]White D J,Bolton M D.Displacement and strain paths during [17]Li J P,Li L,Sun D A,et al.Time-dependent bearing capacity plane-strain model pile installation in sand.Geotechnique,2004, of jacked piles in Ko consolidated clay based on CPTU tests 54(6):375 Chin J Geotech Eng,2017,39 (2)193 [6]Xu J P,Zhou J.Xu Z Y,et al.Model test research on pile driv- (李镜培,李林,孙德安,等.基于CPTU测试的K,固结黏土 ing effect of squeezing against soil.Rock Soil Mech,2000,21 中静压桩时变承载力研究.岩土工程学报,2017,39(2): (3):235 193) (徐建平,周健,许朝阳,等.沉桩挤土效应的模型试验研究 [18]Stewart D P,Boyle R S,Randolph M F.Experience with a new 岩土力学,2000,21(3):235) drum centrifuge /Proceeding International Conference Centrifuge ]Ding P M,Xiao Z B,Shi J Y.Model tests of large driven pile 98.Tokyo,1998:35 jacked into sands and soil-pile interaction finite element analysis 19] Houlsby GT,Teh C I.Analysis of the piezocone in clay//Pro- with compaction effects taken into account.Ind Constr,2003,33 ceeding of International Symposium on Penetration Testing.Orlan- (3):45 do,1988:777 (丁佩民,肖志斌,施健勇.松砂中大型静压沉桩模型试验研 220]Lehane B M.Experimental Inrestigations of Pile Behaviour Using 究桩基挤土加密效应.工业建筑,2003,33(3):45) Instrumented Field Piles [Dissertation].London:University of [8]Zhou J,Deng Y B,Ye JZ,et al.Experimental and numerical London (Imperial College),1992 analysis of jacked piles during installation in sand.Chin Geotech 21]American Petroleum Institute,(API).Recommended Practice of Eng,2009,31(4):501 Planning,Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms. (周健,邓益兵,叶建忠,等。砂土中静压桩沉桩过程试验研 Washington,D.C:American Petroleum,2000 究与颗粒流模拟.岩土工程学报,2009,31(4):501) 22]Lehane B M,Li Y N,Williams R.Shaft capacity of displace- 9]Wang H,Zhou J,Deng Z H.Mobilization of toe resistance of piles ment piles in clay using the cone penetration test.Geotech Geo- with local displacement in sand.Chin J Geotech Eng,2006,28 environ Eng,2013,139(2):253工程科学学报,第 40 卷,第 3 期 阶段减小 50% 左右. ( 3) 桩在加载阶段,当桩端位移达到大约 3% B 时,Δσr发生突变,桩侧摩阻力达到最大值,并且发 现 250g 下测得桩侧摩阻力峰值大约为 50g 情况下 的 2. 5 倍. ( 4) 在离心机黏土试验中,桩在贯入阶段、静置 稳定阶段和加载阶段桩侧不同深度位置径向应力表 现的特征与现场试验桩测得的结果相似,但离心试 验测得数值要小于现场值,分析原因可能是由于离 心机所用的高岭黏土与实际天然黏土性质不同 所致. ( 5 ) 在 黏 土 中 沉 桩,估算桩侧摩阻力时, API2000 方法可以得到比较好的预测结果,但是考 虑桩的 h /R* ( 或长度效应) 这一主要影响因素的 CPT2013 方法可以获得更合理满意的预测结果. 参 考 文 献 [1] Eide O,Hutchinson J N,Landava A. Short and long term test loading of a friction pile in clay. Publikasjon-Norges Geotekniske Institutt,1997,200: 1 [2] Pestana J M,Hunt C E,Bray J D. Soil deformation and excess pore pressure field around a closed-ended pile. J Geotech Geoenvir￾on Eng,2002,128( 1) : 1 [3] Hight D W,Lawrence D M,Farquhar G B,et al. Evidence for scale effects in the end bearing capacity of open-ended piles in sand / / Offshore Technology Conference. Houston,1996: 181 [4] Lehane B M,Gavin K G. Base resistance of jacked pipe piles in sand. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng,2001,127( 6) : 473 [5] White D J,Bolton M D. Displacement and strain paths during plane-strain model pile installation in sand. Geotechnique,2004, 54( 6) : 375 [6] Xu J P,Zhou J,Xu Z Y,et al. Model test research on pile driv￾ing effect of squeezing against soil. Rock Soil Mech,2000,21 ( 3) : 235 ( 徐建平,周健,许朝阳,等. 沉桩挤土效应的模型试验研究. 岩土力学,2000,21( 3) : 235) [7] Ding P M,Xiao Z B,Shi J Y. Model tests of large driven pile jacked into sands and soil-pile interaction finite element analysis with compaction effects taken into account. Ind Constr,2003,33 ( 3) : 45 ( 丁佩民,肖志斌,施健勇. 松砂中大型静压沉桩模型试验研 究桩基挤土加密效应. 工业建筑,2003,33( 3) : 45) [8] Zhou J,Deng Y B,Ye J Z,et al. Experimental and numerical analysis of jacked piles during installation in sand. Chin J Geotech Eng,2009,31( 4) : 501 ( 周健,邓益兵,叶建忠,等. 砂土中静压桩沉桩过程试验研 究与颗粒流模拟. 岩土工程学报,2009,31( 4) : 501) [9] Wang H,Zhou J,Deng Z H. Mobilization of toe resistance of piles with local displacement in sand. Chin J Geotech Eng,2006,28 ( 5) : 587 ( 王浩,周健,邓志辉. 砂土中桩端阻力随位移发挥的内在机 理研究. 岩土工程学报,2006,28( 5) : 587) [10] De Nicola A,Randolph M F. Centrifuge modelling of pipe piles in sand under axial loads. Geotechnique,1999,49( 3) : 295 [11] Chen W,Shi J Y,Gong Y P,et al. Centrifugal model tests of piles jacked in saturated clay. J Hohai Univ,1999,27( 6) : 103 ( 陈文,施建勇,龚友平,等. 饱和黏土中静压桩挤土效应的 离心机模型试验研究. 河海大学学报,1999,27( 6) : 103) [12] White D J,Lehane B M. Friction fatigue on displacement piles in sand. Geotechnique,2004,54( 10) : 645 [13] Lehane B M,White D J. Lateral stress changes and shaft friction for model displacement piles in sand. Can Geotech J,2005,42 ( 4) : 1039 [14] Liu Q B,Xiang W,Lehane B M,et al. Experimental study of effect of particle shapes on shear strength of sand and tip resist￾ance of driven piles. Chin J Rock Mech Eng,2011,30( 2) : 400 ( 刘清秉,项伟,B. M. Lehane,等. 颗粒形状对砂土抗剪强 度及桩端阻力影响机制试验研究. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2011,30( 2) : 400) [15] Li L,Li J P,Sun D A,et al. Pile jacking-in effects considering stress anisotropy of natural clay. Chin J Rock Mech Eng,2016, 35( 5) : 1055 ( 李林,李镜培,孙德安,等. 考虑天然黏土应力各向异性的 静压沉桩效应研究. 岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35 ( 5) : 1055) [16] Li J P,Zhang L X,Li L. Time-dependent analysis on strength of soil around jacked pile in saturated clay. J Harbin Inst Technol, 2016,48( 12) : 89 ( 李镜培,张凌翔,李林. 饱和黏土中静压桩桩周土体强度 时效性分析. 哈尔滨工业大学学报,2016,48( 12) : 89) [17] Li J P,Li L,Sun D A,et al. Time-dependent bearing capacity of jacked piles in K0 consolidated clay based on CPTU tests. Chin J Geotech Eng,2017,39( 2) : 193 ( 李镜培,李林,孙德安,等. 基于 CPTU 测试的 K0固结黏土 中静压桩时变承载力研究. 岩土工程学报,2017,39 ( 2) : 193) [18] Stewart D P,Boyle R S,Randolph M F. Experience with a new drum centrifuge / / Proceeding International Conference Centrifuge 98. Tokyo,1998: 35 [19] Houlsby G T,Teh C I. Analysis of the piezocone in clay / / Pro￾ceeding of International Symposium on Penetration Testing. Orlan￾do,1988: 777 [20] Lehane B M. Experimental Investigations of Pile Behaviour Using Instrumented Field Piles [Dissertation]. London: University of London ( Imperial College) ,1992 [21] American Petroleum Institute,( API) . Recommended Practice of Planning,Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms. Washington,D. C: American Petroleum,2000 [22] Lehane B M,Li Y N,Williams R. Shaft capacity of displace￾ment piles in clay using the cone penetration test. J Geotech Geo￾environ Eng,2013,139( 2) : 253 · 292 ·
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