CHAPTER 2 Mental and Behavioral Health Table 21- Mood, Anxiety, and Trauma Disorders: Key Conditions and Descriptic Category Defning Conditions Category Description Mood( depressive Major depressive disorder Pervasive and persistent feelings of sadness or loss of Dysthymic disorder Weight loss/gain; decreased energy or agitation; poor Anxiety disorders sorder with or without agoraphobia anxiety impulsive disorder Trauma disorders Anxiety disorder resulting from exposure to traumatic event Acute stress disorder rape, war/combat, natural disaster,terrorism Individual perceives self or other person to be at risk of Individual reexperience event through vivid dreams or memories, with dissociation an Modified from American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, ed 4 n), Washington, DC 2000, APA. set of shared and unique criteria, The mood disorders category also cludes bipolar disorder, which is not addressed in this chapter. The trauma disorders are included in the anxiety disorders category in DSM-IV-TR; however, because their prevention and treatment are often different from other anxiety disorders, they are treated as a separate category in this chapter. Experimentation Trying a substance one or more times MisuseHconsesiuen! use that has not resulted in serious Abuse Continued use in spite of problems or use in dangerous situations Dependence eristic withdrawal ymptoms, and functional Figure 21-l Continuum of substance use SUICIDE (age 18 or older)met criteria for a mental health disorder in he past year. Table 21-2 outlines prevalence estimates for Suicide is a purposeful act directed toward ending one's mood(depressive), anxiety, and trauma disorders. Whereas suicide is intended to refer to successful completion of the act, the term suicide attempt is intended to refer to any ct of self-harm, including parasuicidal behavior such BEHAVIORAL DISORDER cutting, regardless of the intent of the behavior or the Figure 21-2 presents rates of licit and illicit substance use. utcome Suicidal ideation refers to thoughts about killing Among licit substances, alcohol is most often used, with 52% or harm of individuals age 12 or older reporting tobacco use in the ast year, followed closely by tobacco products, used by 28% of individuals age 12 years and older. While not as pre revalent as alcohol and tobacco, illicit substances are used at alarming MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS rates and include marija juana, cocaine, heroin, and amphet amines. Evidence indicates abuse of prescription medica Mental health disorders affect a large segment of the U.S. tions (i.e,, use for nonprescribed purposes such as " getting population. Research suggests that about one in five adults high"or to help study) has been increasing in recent years