N. Oya, D.J. Johnson /Carbon 39(2001)635-645 ffects of pore size and distribution quantitatively for more Chemical Society, Division of Polymeric Materials: Science detailed failure mechanism. It will also be necessary to and Engineering, vol 61, Miami, FL: ACS, 1989, pp. 550-4 investigate the distribution of disordered regions, crys- [7] Dobb MG, Johnson DJ, Park CR. JMater Sci 1990, 25: 829- tallite size and crystallite orientation in detail. Our research group previously reported that PAN-based fibres exhibited [8] Hayes GJ, Edie DD, Kennedy JM. J Mater Sci higher compressive strengths than MP-based fibres due to 1993:28:3247-57 more homogeneous distribution of disorder regions and [9] Jiang H, Abhiraman AS, Tsui K Carbon 1993, 31(6): 887- small crystallites [27 ]. This kind of information can only [10] Furuyama M, Higuchi M, Kubomura K, Sugano H, Jiang H, be obtained by detailed TEM study which enables exami- Kumar S. J Mater Sci 1993: 28: 1611-6 nation of a local portion of fibre structure [11] Hindeleh AM, Johnson DJ, Montague PE. C methods in profile resolution and crystallite siz n fibrous polymers. In: French AD, Gardner Fibre diffraction methods, Washington DC: American Chemical Society, 1983, pp. 149-82 The authors wish to thank Mr. Takada and m Daiwa Precise Industry Co Ltd. and Professor Hamad [12] Gupta A, Harrison IR, Lahijani JJ Appl Cryst 1994, 27: 627 Kyoto Institute of Technology in Japan for supplying fibre [141 Horgan CO. J 1972;2(3):169-80. 1972;2(4):335-9 samples. This work is also financially supported by an [15]FolkesMI RGC. J Phys D: Appl Phys Overseas Research Student (ORS) scholarship from the 1975:8:1053-64 British Government and a Tetley and Lupton Scholarship [16] Arridge RGC, Folkes MJ. Polymer 1976; 17: 495-500 from the University of Leeds. 17 Bennett SC, Johnson DJ. Carbon 1979; 17: 25-39 [18] Johnson DJ, Tyson CN, J Phys D: Appl Phys 1969, 2: 787- References [19] Johnson DJ, Tyson CN, J Phys D: Appl Phys 1970; 3:526- [l Johnson D) Structure and properties of carbon fibres. In: [21] Perret R, Ruland W J Appl Cryst 1969, 2:209-18 ites, Dordrecht: NATO Advanced Study [22] Ruland w J Polym Sci Part C 1969: 28: 143-51 23 Perret R, Ruland w. J Appl Cryst 1970, 3:525-32 Academic, 1989, pp. 119-46 2] Johnson DJ. J Phys D: Appl Phys 1987, 20: 286-91 24 Dobb MG, Robson RM. J Mater Sci 1990: 25: 459-64 [25 Sotton M, Vialard AM. Textile Res J1971; 41: 834-40 3] Oya N, Johnson DJ. Carbon 1999, 37(10): 1539-44 [26]Park CR. Ph. D. thesis, University of Leeds, 1987 4]Nakatani M, Shioya M, Yamashita J. Carbon 7 Dobb MG, Guo H, Johnson Park CR. Carbon 199937(4)601-8 J Allen Sr. J Mater Sci 1987, 22: 853-9 199533(11)1553-9. 6 Wang CS, Bai SJ, Rice BP. In: Proceedings of the AmericanN. Oya, D.J. Johnson / Carbon 39 (2001) 635 –645 645 effects of pore size and distribution quantitatively for more Chemical Society, Division of Polymeric Materials: Science detailed failure mechanism. It will also be necessary to and Engineering, vol. 61, Miami, FL: ACS, 1989, pp. 550–4. [7] Dobb MG, Johnson DJ, Park CR. J Mater Sci 1990;25:829– investigate the distribution of disordered regions, crys- 34. tallite size and crystallite orientation in detail. Our research [8] Hayes GJ, Edie DD, Kennedy JM. J Mater Sci group previously reported that PAN-based fibres exhibited 1993;28:3247–57. higher compressive strengths than MP-based fibres due to [9] Jiang H, Abhiraman AS, Tsui K. Carbon 1993;31(6):887– more homogeneous distribution of disorder regions and 94. small crystallites [27]. This kind of information can only [10] Furuyama M, Higuchi M, Kubomura K, Sugano H, Jiang H, be obtained by detailed TEM study which enables exami- Kumar S. J Mater Sci 1993;28:1611–6. nation of a local portion of fibre structure. [11] Hindeleh AM, Johnson DJ, Montague PE. Computational methods in profile resolution and crystallite size evaluation in fibrous polymers. In: French AD, Gardner KH, editors, Acknowledgements Fibre diffraction methods, Washington DC: American Chemical Society, 1983, pp. 149–82. [12] Gupta A, Harrison IR, Lahijani J. J Appl Cryst 1994;27:627– The authors wish to thank Mr. Takada and Mr. Suzue of 36. Daiwa Precise Industry Co. Ltd. and Professor Hamada of [13] Horgan CO. J Elasticity 1972;2(3):169–80. Kyoto Institute of Technology in Japan for supplying fibre [14] Horgan CO. J Elasticity 1972;2(4):335–9. samples. This work is also financially supported by an [15] Folkes MJ, Arridge RGC. J Phys D: Appl Phys Overseas Research Student (ORS) scholarship from the 1975;8:1053–64. British Government and a Tetley and Lupton Scholarship [16] Arridge RGC, Folkes MJ. Polymer 1976;17:495–500. from the University of Leeds. [17] Bennett SC, Johnson DJ. Carbon 1979;17:25–39. [18] Johnson DJ, Tyson CN. J Phys D: Appl Phys 1969;2:787– 95. [19] Johnson DJ, Tyson CN. J Phys D: Appl Phys 1970;3:526– References 34. [20] Perret R, Ruland W. J Appl Cryst 1968;1:308–13. [1] Johnson DJ. Structure and properties of carbon fibres. In: [21] Perret R, Ruland W. J Appl Cryst 1969;2:209–18. Figueiredo JL, editor, Carbon fibres filaments and compos- [22] Ruland W. J Polym Sci Part C 1969;28:143–51. ites, Dordrecht: NATO Advanced Study Institute, Kluwer [23] Perret R, Ruland W. J Appl Cryst 1970;3:525–32. Academic, 1989, pp. 119–46. [24] Dobb MG, Robson RM. J Mater Sci 1990;25:459–64. [2] Johnson DJ. J Phys D: Appl Phys 1987;20:286–91. [25] Sotton M, Vialard AM. Textile Res J 1971;41:834–40. [3] Oya N, Johnson DJ. Carbon 1999;37(10):1539–44. [26] Park CR. Ph.D. thesis, University of Leeds, 1987. [4] Nakatani M, Shioya M, Yamashita J. Carbon [27] Dobb MG, Guo H, Johnson DJ, Park CR. Carbon 1999;37(4):601–8. 1995;33(11):1553–9. [5] Allen SR. J Mater Sci 1987;22:853–9. [6] Wang CS, Bai SJ, Rice BP. In: Proceedings of the American