中国社会科学2003年第1期 proaches and mechanism as regards sharing.In limited partnerships,the residual claim of 20-percent share by managerial human capital owners is defined in the partnership agreements.In the high-tech ventue,technical human capital is diectly negotiated in temms of stock for the residual claim.In the incentive scheme of stock options or future stocks,the managers'human capital is arranged as "postponed stocks"to share the residuals indirectly.In most employee stock option plans (ESOPs),employees obtain free stocks as a contribution by the fim,so that to a greater or lesser extent,operational human capital takes s share in the firm's residu- als. (7)Philosophy and the Social Sciences in an Innovatory Epoch Zhang Shuguang Bao Zonghao Liu Han Wen Zhenkui Ye Lan Tong Bing Oin Yi。83· Withe the world's nations vying ever more fiercely for more powerful comprehensive national stength, and with ne scintific and technological achievements constantly emerging,different thoughts and cultures are intensely competing with one another and the world is undergoing profound changes.In these circumstances innovation is the urgent call of our times for every one of us.Theoretical innovation on the basis of practice is a harbinger of social development and change and the only way for philsophy and social sciences to prosper. Scholars in philosophy and social sciences circles must stand on the top of our times,constantly pomote theo- retical innovations and give correct answers,during the dual exploration of theory and practice,to the impor- tant questions posed by our times.This is a lofty mission entrusted to us by the times and the cause developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.In order to meet the needs of the times,to keep abreast of the new trends in the development of philosophy and social sciences and bring about theoretical innovation amidst cros- discipline research,Social Sciences in China Press and Central China University of Science and Techmology jointly sponsored a high-level academic forum entitled "Philosophy and Social Sciences in an Innovatory Epo- cy."Guided by Jiang Zemin's important thinking conceming the "Three Repesents"and important speech- es about enriching and developing philosophy and the social sciences,this fomm discussed various issues in- volved in innovation and develpment,producing good academic results.The following series of papers are some of those delivered at the form. (8)Dilemma and Development Trend of the Research Program for Cognition Science Liu Xiadli。99· A research program based on the theory that "cognition is computable"has dominated cognitive science since the 1970s.However,this principle has its inevitable limitations because it is based on the concept of the "Turing principle of computability",which is also the true source of all the theoretical dilemmas and prac- tical difficulties encountered by cognitive science and artificial intelligence.The transfomation of working par- adigms within cognitive science in recent decades from symbolism though connectionism to behaviorism,and the readjustment to the reductionist base hypothesis in the original sense were in fact partial revisions to the Turing pogram.Recent developments indicate that cognitive science is about to undrgo changes in its research program and that a new research program based on the idea of"non-computability of cognition"is in the off- ing· 014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House.All rights reserved.http://www.cnki.proaches and mechanism as regards sharing .In limited partnerships, the residual claim of 20-percent share by managerial human capital owners is defined in the partnership agreements .In the high-tech venture , technical human capital is directly negotiated in terms of stock for the residual claim .In the incentive scheme of stock options or future stocks, the managers' human capital is arranged as “postponed stocks” to share the residuals indirectly .In most employee stock option plans (ESOPs), employees obtain free stocks as a contribution by the firm , so that to a greater or lesser extent , operational human capital takes s share in the firm' s residu￾als . (7)Philosophy and the Social Sciences in an Innovatory Epoch Zhang Shuguang Bao Zonghao Liu Han Wen Zhenkui Ye Lan Tong Bing Qin Yi · 83 · Withe the world' s nations vying ever more fiercely for more powerful comprehensive national stength , and with new scintific and technological achievements constantly emerging , different thoughts and cultures are intensely competing with one another and the world is undergoing profound changes .In these circumstances innovation is the urgent call of our times for every one of us .Theoretical innovation on the basis of practice is a harbinger of social development and change and the only way for philosophy and social sciences to prosper . Scholars in philosophy and social sciences circles must stand on the top of our times, constantly promote theo￾retical innovations and give correct answers, during the dual exploration of theory and practice , to the impor￾tant questions posed by our times .This is a lofty mission entrusted to us by the times and the cause developing socialism with Chinese characteristics .In order to meet the needs of the times, to keep abreast of the new trends in the development of philosophy and social sciences and bring about theoretical innovation amidst cross￾discipline research , Social Sciences in China Press and Central China University of Science and Technology jointly sponsored a high-level academic forum entitled “Philosophy and Social Sciences in an Innovatory Epo￾cy .” Guided by Jiang Zemin' s important thinking concerning the “Three Represents” and important speech￾es about enriching and developing philosophy and the social sciences, this forum discussed various issues in￾volved in innovation and development , producing good academic results .The following series of papers are some of those delivered at the forum . (8)Dilemma and Development Trend of the Research Program for Cognition Science Liu Xiaoli · 99 · A research program based on the theory that “cognition is computable” has dominated cognitive science since the 1970s .However, this principle has its inevitable limitations because it is based on the concept of the “Turing principle of computability” , which is also the true source of all the theoretical dilemmas and prac￾tical difficulties encountered by cognitive science and artificial intelligence .The transformation of working par￾adigms within cognitive science in recent decades from symbolism through connectionism to behaviorism , and the readjustment to the reductionist base hypothesis in the original sense were in fact partial revisions to the Turing program .Recent developmentsindicate that cognitive science is about to undrgo changes in its research program and that a new research program based on the idea of “non-computability of cognition” is in the off￾ing . · 206 · 中国社会科学 2003 年第 1 期