Smaller faster Registers CPU registers hold words retrieved from and cache memon On-chip l1 (per byte) storage cache (SRAM) L1 cache holds cache lines retrieved devie from the l2 cache Off-chip L2 cache(SRAM) L2 cache holds cache line retrived from memory Main memory (DRAM) Larger Main memory hclds disk slower blocks retrieved from local and cheaper ( per byte) Local secondary storage stora (local disks) devies Local disks hold files etrieved from disks on remote network servers L5 Remote secondary stor age distr ibuted file systems, Web servers) P1216 P12