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Lessons learnt from damage of highway tunnels in Wenchuan earthquake. J Southwest Jiaotong Univ, 2009, 44(3): 336 (高波, 王峥峥, 袁松, 等. 汶川地震公路隧道震害启示. 西 南交通大学学报, 2009, 44(3): 336) [4] Cui G Y, Wang M N, Lin G J, et al. Study of the earth￾quake damage mechanism and aseismatic countermeasure of a highway tunnel portal section in the Wenchuan seis￾mic disaster area. Mod Tunnelling Technol, 2011, 48(6): 6 (崔光耀, 王明年, 林国进, 等. 汶川地震公路隧道洞口段震 害机理及抗震对策研究. 现代隧道技术, 2011, 48(6): 6) [5] Wang M N, Cui G Y. Establishment of tunnel damping model and research on damping effect with model test in highly seismic area. Rock Soil Mech, 2010, 31(6): 1884 (王明年, 崔光耀. 高烈度地震区隧道减震模型的建立及其 减震效果模型试验研究. 岩土力学, 2010, 31(6): 1884) [6] Li T B. Failure characteristics and influence factor analysis of mountain tunnels at epicenter zones of great Wenchuan earthquake. J Eng Geol, 2008, 16(6): 742 (李天斌. 汶川特大地震中山岭隧道变形破坏特征及影响因 素分析. 工程地质学报, 2008, 16(6): 742) [7] Highway Planning and Design Institute of the Ministry of Communications. JTJ 004—89 Specification of Earth￾quake Resistant Design for Highway Engineering. Beijing: China Communications Press, 1989 (交通部公路规划设计院. JTJ 004—89 公路工程抗震设计 规范. 北京: 人民交通出版社, 1989) [8] Li Y C, Chen Q J. Analysis on characteristics of near-fault ground motions based on M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. J Catastrophol, 2012, 27(1): 17 (李英成，陈清军. 基于汶川 8.0 级强震记录的近场地震动 特征分析. 灾害学, 2012, 27(1): 17) [9] Liu R S，Hu S Q，Shi H B. Study on seismic loading of pseudo-static approach used in the seismic design of un￾derground structure. Chin J Geotech Eng, 2007, 29(2): 237 (刘如山, 胡少卿, 石宏彬. 地下结构抗震计算中拟静力法的 地震荷载施加方法研究. 岩土工程学报, 2007, 29(2): 237) [10] Yang X L, Huang B, Wang Z W. Rock failure pressure of shallow tunnel subjected to horizontal seismic and un￾symmetrical loads. J Cent South Univ Sci Technol, 2010, 41(3): 1090 (杨小礼, 黄波, 王作伟. 水平地震力作用下浅埋偏压隧道 松动围岩压力的研究. 中南大学学报: 自然科学版, 2010, 41(3): 1090) [11] Yuan Y, Yu H T, Chen Z Y. Evaluation of seismic calcu￾lation methods for shallow-buried frame structures in soft soil. J Vib Shock, 2009, 28(8): 50 (袁勇, 禹海涛, 陈之毅. 软土浅埋框架结构抗震计算方法 评价. 振动与冲击, 2009, 28(8): 50) [12] Wang Y Y, Gao Y T, Cai S J, et al. Research on the sta￾bility of diaphragm walls subjected to earthquake using pseudo-static method. J Univ Sci Technol Beijing, 2010, 32(5): 559 (王运永, 高永涛, 蔡嗣经, 等. 考虑地震影响的地下连续 墙稳定性拟静力法研究. 北京科技大学学报, 2010, 32(5): 559) [13] Chongqing Communications Research and Design Insti￾tute. JTG 070—2004 Code for Design of Road Tunnel. Beijing: China Communications Press, 2004 (重庆交通科研设计院. JTG 070—2004 公路隧道设计规 范. 北京: 人民交通出版社, 2004)