driving systems.Today there are many advanced techniques of pile installation. 1.3 Function of piles As with other types of foundations,the purpose of a pile foundations is: to transmit a foundation load to a solid ground to resist vertical,lateral and uplift load A structure can be founded on piles if the soil immediately beneath its base does nothave adequate bearing capacity.If site investigation show that the shallow soil is unstable and weak or if the magnitude of the estimated settlement is not acceptable a pile foundation may become considered.Further,a cost estimate may indicate that a pile foundation may be cheaper than any other compared ground improvement costs. In the cases of heavy constructions.it is likely that the bearing capacity of the shallow soil will not be satisfactory.and the construction should be built on pile foundations.Piles can also be used in r norma Iground conditions to resist horizontal loads.Piles are a convenient method of foundation for works over water,such as jetties or bridge piers. 1.4 Classification of piles 1.4.1 Classification of pile with respect to load transmission and functional behaviour End bearing piles(point bearing piles) Friction piles(cohesion piles) Combination of friction and cohesion piles 1.4.2 End bearing piles These piles transfer their load on to a firm stratum located at a considerable depth be ow the base of the structure and they derive most of their carrying capacity from the penetration resistance of the soil at the toe of the pile(see figure 1.1).The pile behaves as an ordinary column and should be designed driving systems. Today there are many advanced techniques of pile installation. 1.3 Function of piles As with other types of foundations, the purpose of a pile foundations is: to transmit a foundation load to a solid ground to resist vertical, lateral and uplift load A structure can be founded on piles if the soil immediately beneath its base does not have adequate bearing capacity. If the results of site investigation show that the shallow soil is unstable and weak or if the magnitude of the estimated settlement is not acceptable a pile foundation may become considered. Further, a cost estimate may indicate that a pile foundation may be cheaper than any other compared ground improvement costs. In the cases of heavy constructions, it is likely that the bearing capacity of the shallow soil will not be satisfactory, and the construction should be built on pile foundations. Piles can also be used in normal ground conditions to resist horizontal loads. Piles are a convenient method of foundation for works over water, such as jetties or bridge piers. 1.4 Classification of piles 1.4.1 Classification of pile with respect to load transmission and functional behaviour End bearing piles (point bearing piles) Friction piles (cohesion piles ) Combination of friction and cohesion piles 1.4.2 End bearing piles These piles transfer their load on to a firm stratum located at a considerable depth below the base of the structure and they derive most of their carrying capacity from the penetration resistance of the soil at the toe of the pile (see figure 1.1). The pile behaves as an ordinary column and should be designed