6 Architecture:Design Notebook Figure 2.9 Le Corbusier,Villa Savoye,1931.From student model,Nottingham University. equally direct formal expression in his Richards Medical Research Building at Philadelphia completed in 1968(Figure 2.10)where mas- Figure 2.7 The Five Points,Traditional House.Author's sive vertical shafts of brickwork enclosed the interpretation. 'servant'vertical circulation and service ducts in dramatic contrast to horizontal floor slabs of the (served)laboratories and the transparency of their floor-to-ceiling glazing. The adoption of modernism and its new architectural language was also facilitated by exemplars which were not necessarily under- pinned by such transparent theoretical posi- tions.The notion of 'precedent',therefore, has always provided further conceptual mod- els to serve the quest for appropriate architec- tural forms.Such exemplars often fly in the face of orthodoxy;when Peter and Alison Smithson completed Hunstanton School,Norfolk,in 1954,they not only offered a startling 'court- yard-type'in place of the accepted Bauhaus finger plan'in school design(Figures 2.11, 2.12),but at the same time offered a new Figure 2.8 The Five Points,Reinforced Concrete House. Author's interpretation. 'brutalist'architectural language as a robustequally direct formal expression in his Richards Medical Research Building at Philadelphia completed in 1968 (Figure 2.10) where mas￾sive vertical shafts of brickwork enclosed the ‘servant’ vertical circulation and service ducts in dramatic contrast to horizontal floor slabs of the (served) laboratories and the transparency of their floor-to-ceiling glazing. The adoption of modernism and its new architectural language was also facilitated by exemplars which were not necessarily under￾pinned by such transparent theoretical posi￾tions. The notion of ‘precedent’, therefore, has always provided further conceptual mod￾els to serve the quest for appropriate architec￾tural forms. Such exemplars often fly in the face of orthodoxy; when Peter and Alison Smithson completed Hunstanton School, Norfolk, in 1954, they not only offered a startling ‘court￾yard-type’ in place of the accepted Bauhaus ‘finger plan’ in school design (Figures 2.11, 2.12), but at the same time offered a new ‘brutalist’ architectural language as a robust 6 Architecture: Design Notebook Figure 2.7 The Five Points, Traditional House. Author’s interpretation. Figure 2.8 The Five Points, Reinforced Concrete House. Author’s interpretation. Figure 2.9 Le Corbusier, Villa Savoye, 1931. From student model, Nottingham University