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D0I:10.13374/1.issnl00103.2009.05.011 第31卷第5期 北京科技大学学报 Vol.31 No.5 2009年5月 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing May 2009 高应力破裂岩体地压显现及其控制技术 于言平 北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院，北京11000叫 摘要小官庄铁矿进路开挖以后支护巷道破坏严重，其围岩变形为无收敛变形的情况·为掌握其地压活动规律，应用岩石 破裂过程分析系统，并考虑岩石本身的蠕变特性，模拟其采用无底柱分段崩落法进路开挖过程，对进路开挖过程巷道围岩应 力变化进行数值分析·结果表明：随着进路开挖，进路会出现片帮、底鼓和顶板下沉等现象：在矿岩接触带出现高应力集中，导 致两进路之间的间柱破坏严重，并随着进路开挖应力逐步向新开挖两进路之间的间柱转移：开挖顺序造成边界矿体出现高应 力集中，导致边界矿体难采、采用锚网支护技术有效地控制了巷道围岩的变形破坏，确保开采的顺利进行· 关键词地压：无底柱分段崩落法：应力场：锚网支护 分类号TD322+.5:TD353+.9 Ground pressure formation and control technique under high stress fragment rockmass YU Yan-ping School of Civil and Environmental Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing.Beijing 110004.China ABSTRACT Supporting drifts in Xiaoguanzhuang Iron Mine destroy badly and the deformation of surrounding rock is no conver- gence deformation after the drifts are exeavated.According to this condition.the drift excavation process of sublevel caving without sill pillars was simulated by rock failure process analysis and the stress variation of surrounding rock was analyzed to grasp the law of ground pressure activities in consideration of rock's creep characteristic.Simulation results indicate that the destruction form of rib spalling.floor heave and roof falling occur when the drifts are excavated.High stress concentration in the ore-rock contact zone leads to severe destruction of pillars bet ween two drifts:with the excavation of drifts,it diverts into surrounding pillars of the newly caved. Because of excavation sequence,high stress concentration occurs in the boundary ores.which leads to difficulty in mining of boundary ores.Bolt-mesh supporting is applied to control the deformation and destruction of drifts.which can ensure mining activities safely and successfully KEY WORDS ground pressure:sublevel caving without sill pillars:stress field:bolt-mesh support 小官庄铁矿中部有一长约1000m的F3断层将 研究结果表明】，小官庄铁矿矿岩具有蠕变特性， 矿床分为东、西两个矿体。东西矿体分别向北、南倾 进路开挖以后支护巷道破坏严重，其围岩变形为无 伏，采用无底柱分段崩落法开采，其矿床赋存具有 收敛变形，也是国内支护较难的矿山之一)，对 埋藏深、矿岩软破、倾角缓和变化大等特点，是我国 采用无底柱分段崩落采矿法的矿山而言，回采进路 著名的地下难采铁矿山之一，经过科技攻关，对小 分步开挖，破坏了原岩应力场，进路围岩应力场将发 官庄铁矿全矿的开拓采准巷道变形、破坏进行了宏 生变化，形成次生应力场，次生应力场随时间变化 观调查和收敛监测.巷道埋深537m,地应力实测： 影响回采进路的稳定.为此，研究进路分步开挖引 最大主应力25.1MPa,方位N46.5°，倾角24°；最小 起围岩的应力场对选取合理的进路开挖方案及其控 主应力9.1MPa,方位N22.8°，倾角10°.多年来的 制方法具有一定的现实意义， 收稿日期：2008-04-14 基金项目：国家“十五“科技攻关资助项目(No,2001BA609A一10) 作者简介：于言平(1964-)，男，高级工程师，博士，E-mail:ypl001@263.nt高应力破裂岩体地压显现及其控制技术 于言平 北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院北京110004 摘 要 小官庄铁矿进路开挖以后支护巷道破坏严重其围岩变形为无收敛变形的情况．为掌握其地压活动规律应用岩石 破裂过程分析系统并考虑岩石本身的蠕变特性模拟其采用无底柱分段崩落法进路开挖过程对进路开挖过程巷道围岩应 力变化进行数值分析．结果表明：随着进路开挖进路会出现片帮、底鼓和顶板下沉等现象；在矿岩接触带出现高应力集中导 致两进路之间的间柱破坏严重并随着进路开挖应力逐步向新开挖两进路之间的间柱转移；开挖顺序造成边界矿体出现高应 力集中导致边界矿体难采．采用锚网支护技术有效地控制了巷道围岩的变形破坏确保开采的顺利进行． 关键词 地压；无底柱分段崩落法；应力场；锚网支护 分类号 TD322＋∙5；TD353＋∙9 Ground pressure formation and control technique under high stress fragment rockmass Y U Y an-ping School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing110004China ABSTRACT Supporting drifts in Xiaoguanzhuang Iron Mine destroy badly and the deformation of surrounding rock is no convergence deformation after the drifts are excavated．According to this conditionthe drift excavation process of sublevel caving without sill pillars was simulated by rock failure process analysis and the stress variation of surrounding rock was analyzed to grasp the law of ground pressure activities in consideration of rock’s creep characteristic．Simulation results indicate that the destruction form of rib spallingfloor heave and roof falling occur when the drifts are excavated．High stress concentration in the ore-rock contact zone leads to severe destruction of pillars between two drifts；with the excavation of driftsit diverts into surrounding pillars of the newly caved． Because of excavation sequencehigh stress concentration occurs in the boundary oreswhich leads to difficulty in mining of boundary ores．Bolt-mesh supporting is applied to control the deformation and destruction of driftswhich can ensure mining activities safely and successfully． KEY WORDS ground pressure；sublevel caving without sill pillars；stress field；bolt-mesh support 收稿日期：2008-04-14 基金项目：国家“十五”科技攻关资助项目（No．2001BA609A－10） 作者简介：于言平（1964－）男高级工程师博士E-mail：yyp1001＠263．net 小官庄铁矿中部有一长约1000m 的 F3 断层将 矿床分为东、西两个矿体．东西矿体分别向北、南倾 伏．采用无底柱分段崩落法开采其矿床赋存具有 埋藏深、矿岩软破、倾角缓和变化大等特点是我国 著名的地下难采铁矿山之一．经过科技攻关对小 官庄铁矿全矿的开拓采准巷道变形、破坏进行了宏 观调查和收敛监测．巷道埋深537m地应力实测： 最大主应力25∙1MPa方位 N46∙5°倾角24°；最小 主应力9∙1MPa方位 N22∙8°倾角10°．多年来的 研究结果表明［1－4］小官庄铁矿矿岩具有蠕变特性 进路开挖以后支护巷道破坏严重其围岩变形为无 收敛变形也是国内支护较难的矿山之一［5－6］．对 采用无底柱分段崩落采矿法的矿山而言回采进路 分步开挖破坏了原岩应力场进路围岩应力场将发 生变化形成次生应力场．次生应力场随时间变化 影响回采进路的稳定．为此研究进路分步开挖引 起围岩的应力场对选取合理的进路开挖方案及其控 制方法具有一定的现实意义． 第31卷 第5期 2009年 5月 北 京 科 技 大 学 学 报 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Vol．31No．5 May2009 DOI:10．13374／j．issn1001－053x．2009．05．011