13. Recent Advances in Fracture, R K. Mahidhara et al., Ed, TMS, 1997 14. L. Engel, H. Kingele, G W. Ehrenstein and H. Sharper, An Atlas of polymer Damage, Carl Hanser Verlag. 1978 15. Failure Analysis and Prevention, Vol 11, ASM Handbook, 9th ed, ASM International, 1986 16. Fractography and Atlas of fractographs, Vol 9, Metals Handbook, 8th ed, American Society for Metals. 1974 17. Fractography, Vol 12, ASM Handbook, 9th ed, ASM International, 1987 18.J.E. Masters and R W. Hertzberg ed, Fractography of Modern Engineering Materials, Composites and Metals. StP 948. ASTM. 1987 19. IITRI Fracture Handbook, S. Bhattacharya, et al., Ed, IIT Research Institute, Chicago, 1979 20 G. Henry and D. Horstmann, De Ferri Metalligraphie, Vol 5, Fractography and Microfractography, Verlag Stahleisen, mbH. Dusseldorf, 1975 21. G. Powell, Shu-hong Cheng, C.E. Mobley, Jr, A Fractography Atlas of casting Alloys, Battelle Press, Columbus. 1992 22. D.A. Ryder, The Elements of fractography, Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development, Paris, Nov 1971; also available from National Technical Information Service(NTIS), U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Rd, Springfield, VA 23. SEM/TEM Fractography Handbook, MCIC-HB-06, Battelle Columbus Labs, Columbus, 1975; also available as AFML-TR-75-159 24. L Engel and H Klingele, An Atlas of Metal Damage, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1981 25. R.W. Hertzberg, Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials, 4th ed, John Wiley, 1996 Fracture Appearance and Mechanisms of Deformation and Fracture V.T. Becker, University of Tennessee, Emeritus; S. Lampman, ASM International Fracture Surface information Correct interpretation of fractographic features is a critical part of a failure analysis to determine the root technical cause for failure. Unfortunately, it is possible to misinterpret a fracture surface, and seldom can unique cause for failure be associated with a single specific fractographic feature. The process of failure analysis, then, should use the total information available to reach a root-cause conclusion. Macroscale examination by itself is often inconclusive in identifying a unique set of conditions causing failure, and likewise, microscale examination without supporting macroscale examination and/or microstructural examination can lead to incorrect conclusions Both the macro- and microscale appearances of fracture-surface features tell a story of how and sometimes why fracture occurred. Features often associated with the fracture surface at the macro- and microscale are shown in13. Recent Advances in Fracture, R.K. Mahidhara et al., Ed., TMS, 1997 14. L. Engel, H. Kingele, G.W. Ehrenstein and H. Sharper, An Atlas of Polymer Damage, Carl Hanser Verlag, 1978 15. Failure Analysis and Prevention, Vol 11, ASM Handbook, 9th ed., ASM International, 1986 16. Fractography and Atlas of Fractographs, Vol 9, Metals Handbook, 8th ed., American Society for Metals, 1974 17. Fractography, Vol 12, ASM Handbook, 9th ed., ASM International, 1987 18. J.E. Masters and R.W. Hertzberg Ed., Fractography of Modern Engineering Materials; Composites and Metals, STP 948, ASTM, 1987 19. IITRI Fracture Handbook, S. Bhattacharya, et al., Ed., IIT Research Institute, Chicago, 1979 20. G. Henry and D. Horstmann, De Ferri Metalligraphie, Vol 5, Fractography and Microfractography, Verlag Stahleisen, mbH. Dusseldorf, 1975 21. G. Powell, Shu-hong Cheng, C.E. Mobley, Jr., A Fractography Atlas of Casting Alloys, Battelle Press, Columbus, 1992 22. D.A. Ryder, The Elements of Fractography, Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development, Paris, Nov 1971; also available from National Technical Information Service (NTIS), U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 23. SEM/TEM Fractography Handbook, MCIC-HB-06, Battelle Columbus Labs, Columbus, 1975; also available as AFML-TR-75-159 24. L. Engel and H. Klingele, An Atlas of Metal Damage, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1981 25. R.W. Hertzberg, Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials, 4th ed., John Wiley, 1996 Fracture Appearance and Mechanisms of Deformation and Fracture W.T. Becker, University of Tennessee, Emeritus; S. Lampman, ASM International Fracture Surface Information Correct interpretation of fractographic features is a critical part of a failure analysis to determine the root technical cause for failure. Unfortunately, it is possible to misinterpret a fracture surface, and seldom can a unique cause for failure be associated with a single specific fractographic feature. The process of failure analysis, then, should use the total information available to reach a root-cause conclusion. Macroscale examination by itself is often inconclusive in identifying a unique set of conditions causing failure, and likewise, microscale examination without supporting macroscale examination and/or microstructural examination can lead to incorrect conclusions. Both the macro- and microscale appearances of fracture-surface features tell a story of how and sometimes why fracture occurred. Features often associated with the fracture surface at the macro- and microscale are shown in