ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ou may have noticed that this preface is almost entirely Steven Bachrach, Trinity University rand"my. That is because Jared A. Butcher, Jr, Ohio University Organic Chemistry is, and always has been, a team Barry Carpenter, Cornell University effort From the first edition to this one, the editorial and Pasquale R. Di Raddo, Ferris State University production staffs at WCB/McGraw-Hill have been com- Jill Discordia, Le Moyne College mitted to creating an accurate, interesting, student- William A. Donaldson, Marquette University oriented text. Special thanks go to Kent Peterson, Terry Mark Forman, St Josephs University Stanton, and Peggy Selle for their professionalism, skill, Warren Giering, Boston University and cooperative spirit. Linda Davoli not only copy Benjamin Gross, University of Tennessee-Chattanooga edited the manuscript but offered valuable advice about R J. Hargrove, Mercer University style and presentation. GTS Graphics had the critical job E. Alexander Hill, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee of converting the copy-edited manuscript to a real book. Shawn Hitchcock, Illinois State University Our contact there was Heather Stratton; her enthusiasm L A. Hull, Union College for the project provided us an unusual amount of free- Colleen Kelley, Northern Arizona University dom to fine-tune the text Brenda Kesler, San Jose State University I have already mentioned the vital role played by C. A Kingsbury, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Warren Hehre and Alan Shusterman in integrating Spar- Francis M. Klein, Creighton University tan into this edition. I am grateful for their generosity in Paul M. Lahti, University of Massachusetts-Amherst giving their time, knowledge, and support to this proj Rita s. Majerle, South Dakota State University ect. I also thank Dr. Michal Sabat of the University of Michael Millam, Phoenix College Virginia for his assistance in my own modeling efforts. Tyra Montgomery, University of Houston-Downtown All of the NMR and IR spectra in this edition were Richard Narske, Augustana University recorded at the Department of Chemistry of James Michael A Nichols, John Carroll University Madison University by two undergraduate students, Jef Bruce E Norcross, SUNY-Binghamton frey Cross and Karin Hamburger, under the guidance of Charles A. Panetta, University of Mississippi Thomas Gallaher. We are indebted to them for their Michael J. Panigot, Arkansas State University lp. Joe Pavelites, William Woods College . gain, as in the three previous editions, Dr. Robert Ty Redd, Southern Utah University C. Atkins has been indispensable. Bob is the driving Charles Rose, University of Nevada force behind the Study Guide and Solutions Manual that Suzanne Ruder, Virginia Commonwealth University accompanies this text. He is much more than that, Christine M. Russell, College of DuPage though He reads and critiques every page of the man- Dennis A. Sardella, Boston College uscript and every page of two rounds of proofs. I trust Janice G. Smith, Mt. Holyoke College his judgment completely when he suggests how to sim- Tami I Spector, University of San Francisco plify a point or make it clearer. Most of all, he is a great Ken Turnbull, Wright State University friend This text has benefited from the comments offered Curt Wentrup, University of Queensland Clifford M. Utermoehlen USAF Academ by a large number of teachers of organic chemistry who S D. Worley, Auburn University reviewed it at various stages of its development. I appre ciate their help. They include Reviewers for the third Edition Edward Alexander, San Diego Mesa College Reviewers for the fourth edition Ronald Baumgarten, University of Illinois-Chicago Jennifer Adamski, Old Dominion University Barry Carpenter, Cornell University Jeffrey B. Arterburn, New Mexico State University John Cochran, Colgate University Forward Main Menu TOC Study Guide Toc Student OLCMHHE WebsiteACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxxi You may have noticed that this preface is almost entirely “we” and “our,” not “I” and “my.” That is because Organic Chemistry is, and always has been, a team effort. From the first edition to this one, the editorial and production staffs at WCB/McGraw-Hill have been com￾mitted to creating an accurate, interesting, student￾oriented text. Special thanks go to Kent Peterson, Terry Stanton, and Peggy Selle for their professionalism, skill, and cooperative spirit. Linda Davoli not only copy edited the manuscript but offered valuable advice about style and presentation. GTS Graphics had the critical job of converting the copy-edited manuscript to a real book. Our contact there was Heather Stratton; her enthusiasm for the project provided us an unusual amount of free￾dom to fine-tune the text. I have already mentioned the vital role played by Warren Hehre and Alan Shusterman in integrating Spar￾tan into this edition. I am grateful for their generosity in giving their time, knowledge, and support to this proj￾ect. I also thank Dr. Michal Sabat of the University of Virginia for his assistance in my own modeling efforts. All of the NMR and IR spectra in this edition were recorded at the Department of Chemistry of James Madison University by two undergraduate students, Jef￾frey Cross and Karin Hamburger, under the guidance of Thomas Gallaher. We are indebted to them for their help. Again, as in the three previous editions, Dr. Robert C. Atkins has been indispensable. Bob is the driving force behind the Study Guide and Solutions Manual that accompanies this text. He is much more than that, though. He reads and critiques every page of the man￾uscript and every page of two rounds of proofs. I trust his judgment completely when he suggests how to sim￾plify a point or make it clearer. Most of all, he is a great friend. This text has benefited from the comments offered by a large number of teachers of organic chemistry who reviewed it at various stages of its development. I appre￾ciate their help. They include Reviewers for the Fourth Edition Jennifer Adamski, Old Dominion University Jeffrey B. Arterburn, New Mexico State University Steven Bachrach, Trinity University Jared A. Butcher, Jr., Ohio University Barry Carpenter, Cornell University Pasquale R. Di Raddo, Ferris State University Jill Discordia, Le Moyne College William A. Donaldson, Marquette University Mark Forman, St. Joseph’s University Warren Giering, Boston University Benjamin Gross, University of Tennessee–Chattanooga R. J. Hargrove, Mercer University E. Alexander Hill, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee Shawn Hitchcock, Illinois State University L. A. Hull, Union College Colleen Kelley, Northern Arizona University Brenda Kesler, San Jose State University C. A. Kingsbury, University of Nebraska–Lincoln Francis M. Klein, Creighton University Paul M. Lahti, University of Massachusetts–Amherst Rita S. Majerle, South Dakota State University Michael Millam, Phoenix College Tyra Montgomery, University of Houston–Downtown Richard Narske, Augustana University Michael A. Nichols, John Carroll University Bruce E. Norcross, SUNY–Binghamton Charles A. Panetta, University of Mississippi Michael J. Panigot, Arkansas State University Joe Pavelites, William Woods College Ty Redd, Southern Utah University Charles Rose, University of Nevada Suzanne Ruder, Virginia Commonwealth University Christine M. Russell, College of DuPage Dennis A. Sardella, Boston College Janice G. Smith, Mt. Holyoke College Tami I. Spector, University of San Francisco Ken Turnbull, Wright State University Clifford M. Utermoehlen, USAF Academy Curt Wentrup, University of Queensland S. D. Worley, Auburn University Reviewers for the Third Edition Edward Alexander, San Diego Mesa College Ronald Baumgarten, University of Illinois–Chicago Barry Carpenter, Cornell University John Cochran, Colgate University