Third Crusade-1189-1192 perfume,fine hand-woven carpets were pouring in.As trade Fourth Crusade-1202-1204 increased,village and towns began to grow into cities.And the rise Fifth Crusade-1218-1221 of towns and trade in western Europe paved the way for the growth Sixth Crusade -1228-1229 of strong national governments. Seventh Crusade-1248-1254 Eighth Crusade一1270 By 1291 the Moslems had taken over the last Christain III.Learning and Science stronghold.They won the crusades and ruled all the territory in Palestine that the Crusaders had fought to control. Although the Crusades did not achieve their goal to regain the 1,Charlemagne and Carolingian Renaissance Holy land,they had an important effect on the future of both the Charlemagne (742-814),who temporarily restored order in East and the West.They brought the East into closer contact with western and central Europe,was perhaps the most important figure the West.And they greatly influenced the history of Europe. of the early medieval period.He kept order throughout his realm, During the wars while many of the feudal lords went to fight in and he encouraged interest in the Christian religion and ancient Palestine,kings at home found opportunities to strengthen learning.He wanted to rule as the emperors of Rome had done in themselves.Thus among other things,Crusades helped to break ancient times and eventually was crowned "Emperor of the Romans" down feudalism,which,in turn led to the rise of the monarchies. by the Pope in 800. Besides,through their contact with the more cultured Charlemagne,among many other things he did,encouraged Byzantines and Moslems,the western Europeans changed many of learning by setting up monastery schools,giving support to scholars their old ideas.Their desire for wealth or power began to overshadow and setting scribes to work copying various ancient books.Because their religious ideals.Peasants and serfs grew discontented with their the scribes performed their tasks well,few of the ancient works that lives on a manor and began to demand more rights than they had had had survived until that time were ever lost. before. The result of Charlemagne's efforts is usually called the The Crusades also resulted in renewing people's interest in "Carolingian Renaissance".The term is derived from Charlemagne's learning and invention.By the thirteenth century,universities, name in Latin,Carolus.The most interesting facet of this rather which grew from cathedral schools,had spread all over Europe.Such minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic state knowledge as Arabic numerals,algebra,and Arab medicine were reaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the introduced to the West.At the same time more and more people Christianized Hebraic culture. began to demand some of the luxuries of the East.Spices,silk, 100 101 鞋臂钢