MIL-HDBK-17-3F Volume 3.Foreword Table of Contents 2.4.2.7.1 Semi-crystalline..... ,32 2.4.2.7.2 Amorphous........... 34 2.4.2.8 Specialty and emerging resin systems.......... .36 2.4.2.8.1 Silicone... 36 2.5 PROCESSING OF PRODUCT FORMS.................... 36 2.5.1 Fabrics and preforms..36 2.5.1.1 Woven fabrics... 6 2.5.1.1.1 Conventional woven fabrics.. 36 25.1.1.2 Stitched or knitted fabrics....... 38 2.5.1.1.3 Specialty fabrics..38 2.5.2 Preimpregnated forms.38 2.5.2.1 Prepreg roving… 8 2.5.2.2 Prepreg tape.......... 38 2.5.2.2.1 Conventional unidirectional tapes....................38 2.5.2.2.2 Two-step unidirectional tapes............... .39 2.5.2.2.3 Supported unidirectional tapes.39 2.5.2.2.4 Coated unidirectional tapes.... 39 2.5.2.2.5 Preplied unidirectional tapes. 39 2.5.2.3 Prepreg fabric. 39 2.5.2.4 Preconsolidated thermoplastic sheet..... 39 26 SHIPPING AND STORAGE PROCESSES.................................................. 40 2.6.1 Packaging.… 40 2.6.2 Shipping....... 40 2.6.3 Unpackaging and storage........ 40 2.7 CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES 40 2.7.1 Hand lay-up. 40 2.7.2 Automated tape placement/automated tape lamination.... 41 2.7.2.1 Background....... 41 2.7.2.2 Benefits/capabilities. 41 2.7.2.3 Sources of variability........ 41 2.7.3 Automated tow placement/fiber placement.......................... 42 2.7.3.1 Background..... 42 2.7.3.2 Fiber placement process flow................. 43 2.7.3.3 Benefits/capabilities... 43 2.7.3.4 Material product forms. 44 2.7.3.5 Special considerations 2.7.4 2.7.5 Braiding. > Filament winding..... 48 2.7.6 Pultrusion............... 49 2.7.7 Sandwich construction........ 49 2.7.8 Adhesive bonding.. 50 2.7.9 Prebond moisture ......... 52 2.8 CURE AND CONSOLIDATION PROCESSES ..52 2.8.1 Vacuum bag molding...52 2.8.2 Oven cure.… 53 2.8.3 Autoclave curing processing................ 53 2.8.3.1 General description.. 53 2.8.3.2 Sources of variability............ 54 2.8.4 Press molding 54 2.8.5 Integrally heated tooling........ 54 2.8.6 Pultrusion die cure and consolidation..... 55 2.8.7 Resin transfer molding (RTM)..................... 55 2.8.8 Thermoforming.... 58 2.9 ASSEMBLY PROCESSES..... 58 2.10 PROCESS CONTROL............ 59 2.10.1 Common process control schemes............. 59 ivMIL-HDBK-17-3F Volume 3, Foreword / Table of Contents iv 2.4.2.7.1 Semi-crystalline..................................................................................... 32 2.4.2.7.2 Amorphous............................................................................................ 34 2.4.2.8 Specialty and emerging resin systems ............................................................ 36 2.4.2.8.1 Silicone.................................................................................................. 36 2.5 PROCESSING OF PRODUCT FORMS .................................................................................. 36 2.5.1 Fabrics and preforms..................................................................................................... 36 2.5.1.1 Woven fabrics .................................................................................................. 36 2.5.1.1.1 Conventional woven fabrics.................................................................. 36 2.5.1.1.2 Stitched or knitted fabrics...................................................................... 38 2.5.1.1.3 Specialty fabrics .................................................................................... 38 2.5.2 Preimpregnated forms ................................................................................................... 38 2.5.2.1 Prepreg roving ................................................................................................. 38 2.5.2.2 Prepreg tape .................................................................................................... 38 2.5.2.2.1 Conventional unidirectional tapes......................................................... 38 2.5.2.2.2 Two-step unidirectional tapes ............................................................... 39 2.5.2.2.3 Supported unidirectional tapes ............................................................. 39 2.5.2.2.4 Coated unidirectional tapes .................................................................. 39 2.5.2.2.5 Preplied unidirectional tapes................................................................. 39 2.5.2.3 Prepreg fabric .................................................................................................. 39 2.5.2.4 Preconsolidated thermoplastic sheet............................................................... 39 2.6 SHIPPING AND STORAGE PROCESSES ............................................................................. 40 2.6.1 Packaging ...................................................................................................................... 40 2.6.2 Shipping......................................................................................................................... 40 2.6.3 Unpackaging and storage.............................................................................................. 40 2.7 CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES............................................................................................. 40 2.7.1 Hand lay-up.................................................................................................................... 40 2.7.2 Automated tape placement/automated tape lamination ................................................ 41 2.7.2.1 Background...................................................................................................... 41 2.7.2.2 Benefits/capabilities ......................................................................................... 41 2.7.2.3 Sources of variability........................................................................................ 41 2.7.3 Automated tow placement/fiber placement ................................................................... 42 2.7.3.1 Background...................................................................................................... 42 2.7.3.2 Fiber placement process flow.......................................................................... 43 2.7.3.3 Benefits/capabilities ......................................................................................... 43 2.7.3.4 Material product forms..................................................................................... 44 2.7.3.5 Special considerations..................................................................................... 45 2.7.4 Braiding.......................................................................................................................... 47 2.7.5 Filament winding............................................................................................................ 48 2.7.6 Pultrusion....................................................................................................................... 49 2.7.7 Sandwich construction................................................................................................... 49 2.7.8 Adhesive bonding .......................................................................................................... 50 2.7.9 Prebond moisture .......................................................................................................... 52 2.8 CURE AND CONSOLIDATION PROCESSES ........................................................................ 52 2.8.1 Vacuum bag molding ..................................................................................................... 52 2.8.2 Oven cure ...................................................................................................................... 53 2.8.3 Autoclave curing processing.......................................................................................... 53 2.8.3.1 General description.......................................................................................... 53 2.8.3.2 Sources of variability........................................................................................ 54 2.8.4 Press molding ................................................................................................................ 54 2.8.5 Integrally heated tooling................................................................................................. 54 2.8.6 Pultrusion die cure and consolidation............................................................................ 55 2.8.7 Resin transfer molding (RTM)........................................................................................ 55 2.8.8 Thermoforming .............................................................................................................. 58 2.9 ASSEMBLY PROCESSES....................................................................................................... 58 2.10 PROCESS CONTROL ............................................................................................................. 59 2.10.1 Common process control schemes ............................................................................... 59