工程科学学报，第40卷，第3期：357-365,2018年3月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.40,No.3:357-365,March 2018 DOI:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2018.03.012:http://journals.ustb.edu.cn 基于微晶刚玉砂轮的20 CrMnTi齿轮成型磨削表面完 整性 刘谦，杨理钧四，田欣利，王龙，孟凡卓 装甲兵工程学院装备维修与再制造技术国防科技重点实验室，北京100072 ☒通信作者，E-mail:retum_li@163.com 摘要为研究微晶刚玉砂轮成型磨削20 CrMnTi齿轮的表面完整性，开展了20 CrMnTi齿轮成型磨削试验，分析了砂轮线速 度、轴向进给速度及径向进给量对齿面粗糙度、表层/次表层显微硬度、微观组织和残余应力的影响规律，探讨了由磨削引起 的磨削烧伤、微观裂纹等损伤缺陷的形成机理，结果表明：径向进给量对表面粗糙度的影响最显著，砂轮线速度次之，轴向进 给速度最不显著：磨削温度过高会导致磨削烧伤，淬火烧伤使得表面硬度提高5%~20%，回火烧伤则导致表面硬度不同程度 地下降：表层组织从外至内分别为白层、暗层和基体组织，白层主要由致密的马氏体+碳化物+残余奥氏体组成：砂轮线速度 和径向进给量的增大使得由磨削引起的残余拉应力增大，表面残余压应力下降并逐渐向拉应力转变，当表面最终残余拉应力 大于材料的断裂强度时，表面产生微观裂纹， 关键词20 CrMnTi;微晶刚玉砂轮；成型磨削：表面完整性：表面缺陷 分类号TG142.71 Surface integrity of form grinding 20CrMnTi gear based on a new microcrystalline corundum wheel LIU Qian,YANG Li-jun,TIAN Xin-i,WANG Long,MENG Fan-zhuo National Defense Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing Technology,Academy of Armored Forces Engineering,Beijing 100072,China Corresponding author,E-mail:return_li@163.com ABSTRACT To study the surface integrity of 20CrMnTi gears for form grinding by a microcrystalline corundum wheel,a grinding ex- periment on 20CrMnTi gear was performed.Furthermore,the effects of wheel speed,axial feed rate,and radial feed on tooth surface roughness,hardness,microstructure,and residual stresses of the surface/sub-surface were studied.The mechanism of the damage caused by grinding and micro-cracks was discussed.The results show that the effect of radial feed on the surface roughness is the most significant.The wheel speed is then the second most significant,and the axial feed rate is the least significant.In addition,an exces- sive grinding temperature leads to grinding burns,which the quenching burns cause the surface hardness to increase by 5%-20%,and the tempering burns cause the surface hardness to drop by varying degrees.The surface/subsurface structure is composed of a white layer,dark layer,and bulk material,with the white layer on the top and the bulk material being on the bottom.The white layer is com- posed of a dense martensitic structure,carbide,and retained austenite.The increase in the wheel speed and radial feed then increases the residual tensile stress caused by grinding.Surface residual compressive stress decreases and gradually changes to tensile stress. When the final residual tensile stress is greater than the breaking strength of the material,the surface produces micro cracks,compro- mising the integrity of the surface. KEY WORDS 20CrMnTi:microcrystalline corundum wheel:form grinding:surface integrity:surface detects 收稿日期：201705-23 基金项目：国家科技重大专项资助项目(2015ZX04003006)工程科学学报，第 40 卷，第 3 期: 357--365，2018 年 3 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering，Vol． 40，No． 3: 357--365，March 2018 DOI: 10． 13374 /j． issn2095--9389． 2018． 03． 012; http: / /journals． ustb． edu． cn 基于微晶刚玉砂轮的 20CrMnTi 齿轮成型磨削表面完 整性 刘 谦，杨理钧，田欣利，王 龙，孟凡卓 装甲兵工程学院装备维修与再制造技术国防科技重点实验室，北京 100072 通信作者，E-mail: return_li@ 163． com 摘 要 为研究微晶刚玉砂轮成型磨削 20CrMnTi 齿轮的表面完整性，开展了 20CrMnTi 齿轮成型磨削试验，分析了砂轮线速 度、轴向进给速度及径向进给量对齿面粗糙度、表层/次表层显微硬度、微观组织和残余应力的影响规律，探讨了由磨削引起 的磨削烧伤、微观裂纹等损伤缺陷的形成机理，结果表明: 径向进给量对表面粗糙度的影响最显著，砂轮线速度次之，轴向进 给速度最不显著; 磨削温度过高会导致磨削烧伤，淬火烧伤使得表面硬度提高 5% ～ 20% ，回火烧伤则导致表面硬度不同程度 地下降; 表层组织从外至内分别为白层、暗层和基体组织，白层主要由致密的马氏体 + 碳化物 + 残余奥氏体组成; 砂轮线速度 和径向进给量的增大使得由磨削引起的残余拉应力增大，表面残余压应力下降并逐渐向拉应力转变，当表面最终残余拉应力 大于材料的断裂强度时，表面产生微观裂纹． 关键词 20CrMnTi; 微晶刚玉砂轮; 成型磨削; 表面完整性; 表面缺陷 分类号 TG142. 71 收稿日期: 2017--05--23 基金项目: 国家科技重大专项资助项目( 2015ZX04003006) Surface integrity of form grinding 20CrMnTi gear based on a new microcrystalline corundum wheel LIU Qian，YANG Li-jun ，TIAN Xin-li，WANG Long，MENG Fan-zhuo National Defense Key Laboratory for Ｒemanufacturing Technology，Academy of Armored Forces Engineering，Beijing 100072，China Corresponding author，E-mail: return_li@ 163． com ABSTＲACT To study the surface integrity of 20CrMnTi gears for form grinding by a microcrystalline corundum wheel，a grinding ex￾periment on 20CrMnTi gear was performed． Furthermore，the effects of wheel speed，axial feed rate，and radial feed on tooth surface roughness，hardness，microstructure，and residual stresses of the surface / sub-surface were studied． The mechanism of the damage caused by grinding and micro-cracks was discussed． The results show that the effect of radial feed on the surface roughness is the most significant． The wheel speed is then the second most significant，and the axial feed rate is the least significant． In addition，an exces￾sive grinding temperature leads to grinding burns，which the quenching burns cause the surface hardness to increase by 5% --20% ，and the tempering burns cause the surface hardness to drop by varying degrees． The surface / subsurface structure is composed of a white layer，dark layer，and bulk material，with the white layer on the top and the bulk material being on the bottom． The white layer is com￾posed of a dense martensitic structure，carbide，and retained austenite． The increase in the wheel speed and radial feed then increases the residual tensile stress caused by grinding． Surface residual compressive stress decreases and gradually changes to tensile stress． When the final residual tensile stress is greater than the breaking strength of the material，the surface produces micro cracks，compro￾mising the integrity of the surface． KEY WOＲDS 20CrMnTi; microcrystalline corundum wheel; form grinding; surface integrity; surface detects