SWEET ORANGE AROMA AND ANXIETY 801 ANOVA results are described here,while post hoc results STAl-state.Friedman's ANOVA revealed no significant are shown in Table 2. differences among experimental phases for the groups SO25 It is worth calling attention to the fact that the treatment's (p=0.063)and SO1o (p=0.098),although differences were effect is revealed by the lack of significant alterations in the found for groups SOs (p<0.001),TT (p=0.001)and H2O observed parameters throughout the test. (p=0.005) STAl-trait.Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA found no significant VAMS-tranguilization.Friedman's ANOVA revealed no differences in trait-anxiety(p=0.79)among treatment groups significant differences among experimental phases for the [(Q1-Q3:S025=34.0(31.0-38.0:S05=32.0(30.8-38.0: group SO10(p=0.062),although differences were found for S010=33.5(29.8-35.8):TT=35.5(32.8-37.3:H20=36.0 groups SO2.5(p=0.015),SOs(p=0.003),TT(p=0.007,and 33.0-37.5)1 H2O(p=0.018). TABLE 2.SUMMARY OF THE PSYCHOLOGIC RESULTS Experimental phase Parameter Treatment Pretreatment Before During After STAI-state(points) S02.5 30.5(25.0-32.5) 26.5(23.5-31.5) 37.0(30.0-40.2) 33.0(30.0-34.0) SOs 31.5(30.3-33.0) 28.5(26.5-31.0) 36.5(30.3-41.3) 31.5(28.5-35.3)b,c S010 32.5(30.7-36.2) 32.0(27.5-33.2) 39.0(35.241.2) 33.0(32.5-34.5) TT 30.0(27.0-33.2) 28.0(24.0-29.2) 36.5(31.7-39.0 28.5(26.2-34.2),c H2O 32.5(30.5-36.0) 32.5(30.5-35.8) 41.0(32.3-43.3 36.0(30.3-42.3b.c Tranquilization (cm) S025 34.4(31.9-37.3) 35.9(33.0-37.9 25.8(23.8-30.7 33.1(30.9-34.9,e SOs 33.8(32.3-35.6) 35.1(33.438.5) 31.0(24.0-33.0 32.127.8-36.5,c S010 34.3(25.1-38.1) 32.1(29.0-38.8) 23.3(21.5-30.4) 33.6(24.0-37.8) TT 35.0(29.7-36.8) 35.6(31.4-36.1) 27.0(23.3-30.6) 34.3(29.4-36.2) H,O 31.8(27.8-35.2) 29.2(27.3-33.5 26.8(19.3-28.7 29.023.2-30.1,e Tranquilization:tense/ S02.5 8.7(7.6-9.3) 9.1(8.8-9.2) 6.2(4.2-7.9) 8.1(7.3-8.4) relaxed item(cm) SOs 8.6(8.2-9.6) 8.6(7.9-9.5) 7.1(5.8-8.1) 7.8(7.4-8.9e S010 8.1(6.3-10.0) 8.6(7.3-9.9) 6.0(4.4-6.7) 8.4(6.2-9.5) TT 8.5(7.0-9.4) 8.9(7.9-9.3)a 5.9(4.0-7.9 8.6(7.9-9.2)c H,O 8.4(8.0-9.6) 7.9(7.3-8.8)a 7.0(3.7-75) 6.6(4.7-7.8) Mental sedation(cm) S02.5 12.2(7.2-17.7) 11.3(4.7-13.6) 9.1(6.5-10.5) 10.1(6.1-12.4) S05 9.5(5.0-14.0) 9.6(6.2-14.9) 9.2(5.4-11.7) 10.7(7.6-12.7) S010 11.1(9.9-12.2) 14.0(9.2-20.2) 9.4(3.2-13.1) 8.6(3.4-15.5) TT 10.3(7.5-14.0) 8.3(5.3-11.9) 10.5(6.8-13.5) 8.7(5.0-12.0) H2O 12.8(6.4-16.9) 7.0(4.8-13.0) 9.9(7.6-13.3) 10.6(6.4-12.6) Physical sedation(cm) S02.5 12.1(7.8-14.5 5.7(5.0-9.6) 62(4.2-82) 9.4(7.0-10.9) S05 6.2(5.5-10.8) 7.2(5.8-11.0) 7.8(5.8-11.6) 7.1(5.7-13.0) SO10 8.6(2.4-12.5) 9.3(2.3-15.6) 7.3(0.7-11.2) 7.7(1.2-12.9P,e TT 8.0(6.7-10.6) 7.2(5.8-12.1) 8.6(6.5-12.1) 7.1(4.5-11.0) H2O 10.9(6.5-14.0) 7.6(3.6-13.8) 8.0(5.5-10.3) 7.9(3.1-10.1) Physical sedation: S02.5 3.6(1.6-4.6) 2.1(1.5-2.6) 1.8(1.3-2.1) 2.3(1.7-3.0) lethargic/energetic S05 2.8(1.2-3.7 2.9(1.8-4.2) 2.9(1.94.5) 2.71.3-3.8) item (cm) S010 3.2(2.1-3.5) 3.1(1.7-3.8) 1.7(0.2-2.9) 1.5(0.4-3.4)b TT 2.6(1.5-4.3) 2.5(2.1-3.6) 2.5(1.2-4.1) 1.7(0.9-3.1) H,O 3.4(1.9-4.9) 2.4(1.5-3.1) 1.9(1.2-3.1) 2.2(0.9-3.1) Others feelings S02.5 4.2(3.3-6.5) 4.1(3.1-7.3) 4.5(3.7-7.5) 3.6(3.5-5.9) and attitudes (cm) SOs 4.1(2.9-6.3) 4.4(2.0-7.6) 5.2(2.0-8.2) 5.7(3.2-7.4) SO10 5.8(2.7-7.3) 7.5(4.0-10.1)° 7.3(3.2-10.3) 6.7(2.6-9.9) TT 4.5(3.0-10.3) 4.4(3.2-9.7 7.1(5.1-9.2) 5.5(3.2-8.8) H2O 5.8(3.5-11.7 9.2(4.1-11.3) 7.7(4.2-10.9) 7.1(3.6-11.5) Others feelings and S02.5 0.7(0.3-1.6) 0.7(0.4-1.5) 1.1(0.6-1.7) 0.8(0.3-1.3) attitudes: SOs 0.5(0.4-1.6) 0.5(0.2-0.9) 1.0(0.6-1.2) 0.9(0.4-1.3) withdrawn/ S010 1.2(0.2-1.9) 1.5(0.3-2.2) 1.7(0.4-3.0) 1.3(0.2-2.6) gregarious item(cm) TT 1.4(0.7-1.8) 1.2(0.4-1.9) 1.8(1.2-2.3) 1.5(0.7-2.2) H2O 1.8(0.5-2.9) 1.8(0.9-2.8) 1.7(0.6-2.3) 1.5(0.6-2.3) Data are presented as median and interquartile range (O -Q3).The treatments in bold are those that showed no significant differences in state-anxiety among the experimental phases.SO25,SOs,SOio represent essential oil of sweet orange 2.5,5,or 10 drops. Significantly different from "Pretreatment." PSignificantly different from "Before." y different from“During.” p<0.05.ANOVA results are described here, while post hoc results are shown in Table 2. It is worth calling attention to the fact that the treatment’s effect is revealed by the lack of significant alterations in the observed parameters throughout the test. STAI-trait. Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA found no significant differences in trait-anxiety ( p = 0.79) among treatment groups [x˜ (Q1–Q3): SO2.5 = 34.0 (31.0–38.0); SO5 = 32.0 (30.8–38.0); SO10 = 33.5 (29.8–35.8); TT = 35.5 (32.8–37.3); H2O = 36.0 (33.0–37.5)]. STAI-state. Friedman’s ANOVA revealed no significant differences among experimental phases for the groups SO2.5 ( p = 0.063) and SO10 ( p = 0.098), although differences were found for groups SO5 ( p < 0.001), TT (p = 0.001) and H2O ( p = 0.005). VAMS–tranquilization. Friedman’s ANOVA revealed no significant differences among experimental phases for the group SO10 ( p = 0.062), although differences were found for groups SO2.5 ( p = 0.015), SO5 ( p = 0.003), TT ( p = 0.007), and H2O ( p = 0.018). Table 2. Summary of the Psychologic Results Experimental phase Parameter Treatment Pretreatment Before During After STAI-state (points) SO2.5 30.5 (25.0–32.5) 26.5 (23.5–31.5) 37.0 (30.0–40.2) 33.0 (30.0–34.0) SO5 31.5 (30.3–33.0) 28.5 (26.5–31.0)a 36.5 (30.3–41.3)b 31.5 (28.5–35.3)b,c SO10 32.5 (30.7–36.2) 32.0 (27.5–33.2) 39.0 (35.2–41.2) 33.0 (32.5–34.5) TT 30.0 (27.0–33.2) 28.0 (24.0–29.2)a 36.5 (31.7–39.0)b 28.5 (26.2–34.2)b,c H2O 32.5 (30.5–36.0) 32.5 (30.5–35.8) 41.0 (32.3–43.3)b 36.0 (30.3–42.3)b,c Tranquilization (cm) SO2.5 34.4 (31.9–37.3) 35.9 (33.0–37.9)a 25.8 (23.8–30.7)b 33.1 (30.9–34.9)b,c SO5 33.8 (32.3–35.6) 35.1 (33.4–38.5)a 31.0 (24.0–33.0)b 32.1 (27.8–36.5)b,c SO10 34.3 (25.1–38.1) 32.1 (29.0–38.8) 23.3 (21.5–30.4) 33.6 (24.0–37.8) TT 35.0 (29.7–36.8) 35.6 (31.4–36.1) 27.0 (23.3–30.6)b 34.3 (29.4–36.2)c H2O 31.8 (27.8–35.2) 29.2 (27.3–33.5)a 26.8 (19.3–28.7)b 29.0 (23.2–30.1)b,c Tranquilization: tense/ relaxed item (cm) SO2.5 8.7 (7.6–9.3) 9.1 (8.8–9.2) 6.2 (4.2–7.9) 8.1 (7.3–8.4) SO5 8.6 (8.2–9.6) 8.6 (7.9–9.5) 7.1 (5.8–8.1)b 7.8 (7.4–8.9)b,c SO10 8.1 (6.3–10.0) 8.6 (7.3–9.9) 6.0 (4.4–6.7) 8.4 (6.2–9.5) TT 8.5 (7.0–9.4) 8.9 (7.9–9.3)a 5.9 (4.0–7.9)b 8.6 (7.9–9.2)b,c H2O 8.4 (8.0–9.6) 7.9 (7.3–8.8)a 7.0 (3.7–7.5)b 6.6 (4.7–7.8) Mental sedation (cm) SO2.5 12.2 (7.2–17.7) 11.3 (4.7–13.6) 9.1 (6.5–10.5) 10.1 (6.1–12.4) SO5 9.5 (5.0–14.0) 9.6 (6.2–14.9) 9.2 (5.4–11.7) 10.7 (7.6–12.7) SO10 11.1 (9.9–12.2) 14.0 (9.2–20.2) 9.4 (3.2–13.1) 8.6 (3.4–15.5) TT 10.3 (7.5–14.0) 8.3 (5.3–11.9) 10.5 (6.8–13.5) 8.7 (5.0–12.0) H2O 12.8 (6.4–16.9) 7.0 (4.8–13.0) 9.9 (7.6–13.3) 10.6 (6.4–12.6) Physical sedation (cm) SO2.5 12.1 (7.8–14.5) 5.7 (5.0–9.6) 6.2 (4.2–8.2) 9.4 (7.0–10.9) SO5 6.2 (5.5–10.8) 7.2 (5.8–11.0) 7.8 (5.8–11.6) 7.1 (5.7–13.0) SO10 8.6 (2.4–12.5) 9.3 (2.3–15.6)a 7.3 (0.7–11.2)b 7.7 (1.2–12.9)b,c TT 8.0 (6.7–10.6) 7.2 (5.8–12.1) 8.6 (6.5–12.1) 7.1 (4.5–11.0) H2O 10.9 (6.5–14.0) 7.6 (3.6–13.8) 8.0 (5.5–10.3) 7.9 (3.1–10.1) Physical sedation: lethargic/energetic item (cm) SO2.5 3.6 (1.6–4.6) 2.1 (1.5–2.6) 1.8 (1.3–2.1) 2.3 (1.7–3.0) SO5 2.8 (1.2–3.7) 2.9 (1.8–4.2) 2.9 (1.9–4.5) 2.7 (1.3–3.8) SO10 3.2 (2.1–3.5) 3.1 (1.7–3.8) 1.7 (0.2–2.9)b 1.5 (0.4–3.4)b,c TT 2.6 (1.5–4.3) 2.5 (2.1–3.6) 2.5 (1.2–4.1) 1.7 (0.9–3.1) H2O 3.4 (1.9–4.9) 2.4 (1.5–3.1) 1.9 (1.2–3.1) 2.2 (0.9–3.1) Others feelings and attitudes (cm) SO2.5 4.2 (3.3–6.5) 4.1 (3.1–7.3) 4.5 (3.7–7.5) 3.6 (3.5–5.9) SO5 4.1 (2.9–6.3) 4.4 (2.0–7.6) 5.2 (2.0–8.2) 5.7 (3.2–7.4) SO10 5.8 (2.7–7.3) 7.5 (4.0–10.1)a 7.3 (3.2–10.3) 6.7 (2.6–9.9)c TT 4.5 (3.0–10.3) 4.4 (3.2–9.7) 7.1 (5.1–9.2) 5.5 (3.2–8.8) H2O 5.8 (3.5–11.7) 9.2 (4.1–11.3) 7.7 (4.2–10.9) 7.1 (3.6–11.5) Others feelings and attitudes: withdrawn/ gregarious item (cm) SO2.5 0.7 (0.3–1.6) 0.7 (0.4–1.5) 1.1 (0.6–1.7) 0.8 (0.3–1.3) SO5 0.5 (0.4–1.6) 0.5 (0.2–0.9) 1.0 (0.6–1.2) 0.9 (0.4–1.3) SO10 1.2 (0.2–1.9) 1.5 (0.3–2.2)a 1.7 (0.4–3.0)b 1.3 (0.2–2.6)c TT 1.4 (0.7–1.8) 1.2 (0.4–1.9) 1.8 (1.2–2.3) 1.5 (0.7–2.2) H2O 1.8 (0.5–2.9) 1.8 (0.9–2.8) 1.7 (0.6–2.3) 1.5 (0.6–2.3) Data are presented as median and interquartile range (Q1–Q3). The treatments in bold are those that showed no significant differences in state-anxiety among the experimental phases. SO2.5, SO5, SO10 represent essential oil of sweet orange 2.5, 5, or 10 drops. a Significantly different from ‘‘Pretreatment.’’ b Significantly different from ‘‘Before.’’ c Significantly different from ‘‘During.’’ a,b,cp < 0.05. SWEET ORANGE AROMA AND ANXIETY 801