Waging War Against the Zebra Mussel 401 production [Borcherding 1995] but also increase metabolism and demand for dissolved oxygen. Zebra mussels require 25%oxygen saturation(2 mg/L)at 25C [Heath 1993]. Based on these values and the data provided for Lake A we find that neither temperature nor dissolved oxygen is a limiting factor of zebra mussel proliferation there. Saltatory Spread Saltatory spread is the movement of a species in large leaps rather than by gradual transitions. It is believed that zebra mussels were introduced to the great Lakes system in 1986 from larvae discharged in ballast water from a commercial ship [Griffiths et al. 1991. As of 1996, zebra mussels had spread to 18 states in the United States(as far south as Louisiana) and two provinces in Canada, almost entirely within commercially navigated waters Johnson and Padilla 1996]-strong evidence that commercial shipping was the primary vector of initial zebra mussel spread in the United States and canada Most of the united states contains environments suitable for zebra mus sel infestation [Strayer 1991], so the identification and elimination of saltatory spread to inland water systems is key to preventing infestation of the western United States. Transient recreational boating seems to be the most likely candi- date for inland spread of the species. Based on this and other studies, it appears that recreational boating represents a substantial threat to the containment of the zebra mussel infestation in america Advective and Diffusive Spread Zebra mussels live the first few weeks of their lives as planktonic larvae that are easily diffused or carried by moving water. This allows for the widespread dissemination of offspring by diffusion, currents, and wind-driven advection within a lake or watershed Johnson and Carlton 1996], which largely explain the species rapid spread [Martel 1993]. However, veligers have been shown to ave high mortality in turbulent waters, and mussel density in streams flowing out ofinfested lakes has been shown to decrease exponentially with the distance downstream [Horvath and Lamberti 1999]. Post-metamorphic zebra mussels have the ability to secrete long monofilament-like mucous threads that increase hydrodynamic drag and allow for faster advective spread [Martel 1993]. These juveniles can survive turbulence much better than veligers, which implies that they are the primary vector of downstream advective spread Zebra Mussel Population Model for lake a Using our model, we attempt to answer two important questions 1. Given chemical information for a given site . is the site suitable for zebraWaging War Against the Zebra Mussel 401 production [Borcherding 1995] but also increase metabolism and demand for dissolved oxygen. Zebra mussels require 25% oxygen saturation (2 mg/L) at 25◦C [Heath 1993]. Based on these values and the data provided for Lake A, we find that neither temperature nor dissolved oxygen is a limiting factor of zebra mussel proliferation there. Saltatory Spread Saltatory spread is the movement of a species in large leaps rather than by gradual transitions. It is believed that zebra mussels were introduced to the Great Lakes system in 1986 from larvae discharged in ballast water from a commercial ship [Griffiths et al. 1991]. As of 1996, zebra mussels had spread to 18 states in the United States (as far south as Louisiana) and two provinces in Canada, almost entirely within commercially navigated waters [Johnson and Padilla 1996]—strong evidence that commercial shipping was the primary vector of initial zebra mussel spread in the United States and Canada. Most of the United States contains environments suitable for zebra mus￾sel infestation [Strayer 1991], so the identification and elimination of saltatory spread to inland water systems is key to preventing infestation of the western United States. Transient recreational boating seems to be the most likely candi￾date for inland spread of the species. Based on this and other studies, it appears that recreational boating represents a substantial threat to the containment of the zebra mussel infestation in America. Advective and Diffusive Spread Zebra mussels live the first few weeks of their lives as planktonic larvae that are easily diffused or carried by moving water. This allows for the widespread dissemination of offspring by diffusion, currents, and wind-driven advection within a lake or watershed [Johnson and Carlton 1996], which largely explain the species rapid spread [Martel 1993]. However, veligers have been shown to have high mortality in turbulent waters, and mussel density in streams flowing out of infested lakes has been shown to decrease exponentially with the distance downstream [Horvath and Lamberti 1999]. Post-metamorphic zebra mussels have the ability to secrete long monofilament-like mucous threads that increase hydrodynamic drag and allow for faster advective spread [Martel 1993]. These juveniles can survive turbulence much better than veligers, which implies that they are the primary vector of downstream advective spread. Zebra Mussel Population Model for Lake A Using our model, we attempt to answer two important questions: 1. Given chemical information for a given site, is the site suitable for zebra mussels?