To see a worthy and be incapable of promoting him;to promote him,but not to the top--this is avoiding responsibility.To see someone evil and not remove him;or to remove him,but not completely get rid of him--this is a fatal error. To love that which the people hate,and hate that which the people love:this is to ignore human nature,and you are sure to bring great harm to yourself.Therefore the ruler attains the Great Way through loyalty and trust,and loses it with pride and arrogance. There is also a clear Way for the production of wealth.When producers are many and consumers are few;when production is rapid and use is slow,then there will always be enough.The jen man expends his wealth to expand himself.Lacking jen,one expends himself to expand his wealth. There is no such case where those in power loved jen and those below disliked Justice.And there is no case where a man loves Justice and is not thorough in his work.In this situation,there are no treasure houses in the state which do not belong to the ruler.Meng Hsien Tzu said: The man who keeps horses and chariots Does not look after chickens and pigs. The family that stores ice[2] Does not raise cattle and sheep. A hundred-chariot clan Does not keep a tax-collector. If they are going to have a tax-collector, They might just as well have a thug. Thus,the saying:"A state does not benefit by profiteering,it benefits by its Justice." One who rules a state or a clan who sacrifices himself to wealth and its usage must be under the influence of an inferior man.He may regard him as good,but if this man handles the affairs of the state or clan,calamities from Heaven and harm from men will be visited upon him.Even if a good man is finally found,what can he do? Thus the saying:"A state does not benefit from profiteering,it benefits from Justice." Notes 1.This saying can be found in Analects 4:3. 2.The procurement and storage of ice in ancient times was extremely difficult,and therefore an expensive proposition.To see a worthy and be incapable of promoting him; to promote him, but not to the top--this is avoiding responsibility. To see someone evil and not remove him; or to remove him, but not completely get rid of him--this is a fatal error. To love that which the people hate, and hate that which the people love: this is to ignore human nature, and you are sure to bring great harm to yourself. Therefore the ruler attains the Great Way through loyalty and trust, and loses it with pride and arrogance. There is also a clear Way for the production of wealth. When producers are many and consumers are few; when production is rapid and use is slow, then there will always be enough. The jen man expends his wealth to expand himself. Lacking jen, one expends himself to expand his wealth. There is no such case where those in power loved jen and those below disliked Justice. And there is no case where a man loves Justice and is not thorough in his work. In this situation, there are no treasure houses in the state which do not belong to the ruler. Meng Hsien Tzu said: The man who keeps horses and chariots Does not look after chickens and pigs. The family that stores ice[2] Does not raise cattle and sheep. A hundred-chariot clan Does not keep a tax-collector. If they are going to have a tax-collector, They might just as well have a thug. Thus, the saying: "A state does not benefit by profiteering, it benefits by its Justice."One who rules a state or a clan who sacrifices himself to wealth and its usage must be under the influence of an inferior man. He may regard him as good, but if this man handles the affairs of the state or clan, calamities from Heaven and harm from men will be visited upon him. Even if a good man is finally found, what can he do? Thus the saying: "A state does not benefit from profiteering, it benefits from Justice." Notes 1. This saying can be found in Analects 4:3. 2. The procurement and storage of ice in ancient times was extremely difficult, and therefore an expensive proposition