以表型为基础的研究模式 Biology Research Development Candidate Market Chemistry (a) 以生物靶标为核心的研究模式 High-capecity screening biology Biolg/ Safety Pharmacy Clinical assessment development Manufacturing Hit identification Lead Lead Preclinical Clinical Clinical Clinical identification optimization development phase I phase ll phase Ill Candidate Market Genetics and Computational Medicinal genomics chemistry chemistry DMPK Chemical Clinical phamacology Regulatory (b) Figure 4 Evolution of the drug discovery process during the second half of the twentieth century.(a)The process as used in the 1950s and 1960s,where research was mainly driven by biological screening and serendipity.(b)The process has evolved, embracing novel technologies,but also in many cases greater organizational complexity.DMPK,drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. 6以表型为基础的研究模式 以生物靶标为核心的研究模式 6